🐛 Fix discovery realms order incorrect

🗑️ Remove debug include in timeline

DysonNetwork.Develop/Identity/DeveloperController.cs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ public class DeveloperController(
 
     [HttpPost("{name}/enroll")]
     [Authorize]
-    [RequiredPermission("global", "developers.create")]
+    [AskPermission("developers.create")]
     public async Task<ActionResult<SnDeveloper>> EnrollDeveloperProgram(string name)
     {
         if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser) return Unauthorized();

DysonNetwork.Develop/Startup/ApplicationConfiguration.cs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ public static class ApplicationConfiguration
 
         app.UseAuthentication();
         app.UseAuthorization();
-        app.UseMiddleware<PermissionMiddleware>();
+        app.UseMiddleware<RemotePermissionMiddleware>();
 
         app.MapControllers();
         

DysonNetwork.Develop/Startup/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs

@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@ public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
         services.AddLocalization();
 
         services.AddDbContext<AppDatabase>();
-        services.AddSingleton<IClock>(SystemClock.Instance);
         services.AddHttpContextAccessor();
-        services.AddSingleton<ICacheService, CacheServiceRedis>();
 
         services.AddHttpClient();
 

DysonNetwork.Develop/appsettings.json

@@ -12,10 +12,16 @@
     "ConnectionStrings": {
         "App": "Host=localhost;Port=5432;Database=dyson_develop;Username=postgres;Password=postgres;Include Error Detail=True;Maximum Pool Size=20;Connection Idle Lifetime=60"
     },
-  "KnownProxies": ["127.0.0.1", "::1"],
+    "KnownProxies": [
+        "127.0.0.1",
+        "::1"
+    ],
     "Swagger": {
         "PublicBasePath": "/develop"
     },
+    "Cache": {
+        "Serializer": "MessagePack"
+    },
     "Etcd": {
         "Insecure": true
     }

DysonNetwork.Drive/AppDatabase.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ using DysonNetwork.Shared.Data;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design;
-using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query;
 using NodaTime;
 using Quartz;
 using TaskStatus = DysonNetwork.Drive.Storage.Model.TaskStatus;

DysonNetwork.Drive/Startup/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs

@@ -12,9 +12,7 @@ public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
     public static IServiceCollection AddAppServices(this IServiceCollection services, IConfiguration configuration)
     {
         services.AddDbContext<AppDatabase>(); // Assuming you'll have an AppDatabase
-        services.AddSingleton<IClock>(SystemClock.Instance);
         services.AddHttpContextAccessor();
-        services.AddSingleton<ICacheService, CacheServiceRedis>(); // Uncomment if you have CacheServiceRedis
 
         services.AddHttpClient();
 

DysonNetwork.Drive/Storage/FileController.cs

@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ public class FileController(
 
     [Authorize]
     [HttpDelete("recycle")]
-    [RequiredPermission("maintenance", "files.delete.recycle")]
+    [AskPermission("files.delete.recycle")]
     public async Task<ActionResult> DeleteAllRecycledFiles()
     {
         var count = await fs.DeleteAllRecycledFilesAsync();

DysonNetwork.Drive/Storage/FileReferenceService.cs

@@ -58,12 +58,15 @@ public class FileReferenceService(AppDatabase db, FileService fileService, ICach
         Duration? duration = null
     )
     {
+        var now = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
         var data = fileId.Select(id => new SnCloudFileReference
         {
             FileId = id,
             Usage = usage,
             ResourceId = resourceId,
-            ExpiredAt = expiredAt ?? SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant() + duration
+            ExpiredAt = expiredAt ?? now + duration,
+            CreatedAt = now,
+            UpdatedAt = now
         }).ToList();
         await db.BulkInsertAsync(data);
         return data;

DysonNetwork.Drive/Storage/FileUploadController.cs

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ public class FileUploadController(
         if (currentUser.IsSuperuser) return null;
 
         var allowed = await permission.HasPermissionAsync(new HasPermissionRequest
-            { Actor = $"user:{currentUser.Id}", Area = "global", Key = "files.create" });
+            { Actor = currentUser.Id, Key = "files.create" });
 
         return allowed.HasPermission
             ? null

DysonNetwork.Drive/appsettings.json

@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@
             }
         }
     },
+    "Cache": {
+        "Serializer": "MessagePack"
+    },
     "KnownProxies": [
         "127.0.0.1",
         "::1"

DysonNetwork.Gateway/appsettings.json

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
             "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Warning"
         }
     },
+    "Cache": {
+        "Serializer": "MessagePack"
+    },
     "AllowedHosts": "*",
     "SiteUrl": "http://localhost:3000",
     "Client": {

DysonNetwork.Insight/Startup/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs

@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@ public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
     public static IServiceCollection AddAppServices(this IServiceCollection services)
     {
         services.AddDbContext<AppDatabase>();
-        services.AddSingleton<IClock>(SystemClock.Instance);
         services.AddHttpContextAccessor();
-        services.AddSingleton<ICacheService, CacheServiceRedis>();
 
         services.AddHttpClient();
 

DysonNetwork.Insight/appsettings.json

@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@
     "Etcd": {
         "Insecure": true
     },
+    "Cache": {
+        "Serializer": "MessagePack"
+    },
     "Thinking": {
         "DefaultService": "deepseek-chat",
         "Services": {

DysonNetwork.Pass/Account/AccountController.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
+using DysonNetwork.Pass.Affiliation;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Auth;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Credit;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Permission;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Wallet;
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Auth;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.GeoIp;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Http;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
@@ -22,6 +24,7 @@ public class AccountController(
     SubscriptionService subscriptions,
     AccountEventService events,
     SocialCreditService socialCreditService,
+    AffiliationSpellService ars,
     GeoIpService geo
 ) : ControllerBase
 {
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ public class AccountController(
             .Include(e => e.Badges)
             .Include(e => e.Profile)
             .Include(e => e.Contacts.Where(c => c.IsPublic))
-            .Where(a => a.Name == name)
+            .Where(a => EF.Functions.Like(a.Name, name))
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
         if (account is null) return NotFound(ApiError.NotFound(name, traceId: HttpContext.TraceIdentifier));
 
@@ -103,6 +106,52 @@ public class AccountController(
         [MaxLength(32)] public string Language { get; set; } = "en-us";
 
         [Required] public string CaptchaToken { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+        
+        public string? AffiliationSpell { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    public class AccountCreateValidateRequest
+    {
+        [MinLength(2)]
+        [MaxLength(256)]
+        [RegularExpression(@"^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$",
+            ErrorMessage = "Name can only contain letters, numbers, underscores, and hyphens.")
+        ]
+        public string? Name { get; set; }
+
+        [EmailAddress]
+        [RegularExpression(@"^[^+]+@[^@]+\.[^@]+$", ErrorMessage = "Email address cannot contain '+' symbol.")]
+        [MaxLength(1024)]
+        public string? Email { get; set; }
+        
+        public string? AffiliationSpell { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    [HttpPost("validate")]
+    [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
+    [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
+    public async Task<ActionResult<string>> ValidateCreateAccountRequest(
+        [FromBody] AccountCreateValidateRequest request)
+    {
+        if (request.Name is not null)
+        {
+            if (await accounts.CheckAccountNameHasTaken(request.Name))
+                return BadRequest("Account name has already been taken.");
+        }
+
+        if (request.Email is not null)
+        {
+            if (await accounts.CheckEmailHasBeenUsed(request.Email))
+                return BadRequest("Email has already been used.");
+        }
+
+        if (request.AffiliationSpell is not null)
+        {
+            if (!await ars.CheckAffiliationSpellHasTaken(request.AffiliationSpell))
+                return BadRequest("No affiliation spell has been found.");
+        }
+
+        return Ok("Everything seems good.");
     }
 
     [HttpPost]
@@ -271,10 +320,21 @@ public class AccountController(
 
     [HttpPost("credits/validate")]
     [Authorize]
-    [RequiredPermission("maintenance", "credits.validate.perform")]
+    [AskPermission("credits.validate.perform")]
     public async Task<IActionResult> PerformSocialCreditValidation()
     {
         await socialCreditService.ValidateSocialCredits();
         return Ok();
     }
+
+    [HttpDelete("{name}")]
+    [Authorize]
+    [AskPermission("accounts.deletion")]
+    public async Task<IActionResult> AdminDeleteAccount(string name)
+    {
+        var account = await accounts.LookupAccount(name);
+        if (account is null) return NotFound();
+        await accounts.DeleteAccount(account);
+        return Ok();
+    }
 }

DysonNetwork.Pass/Account/AccountCurrentController.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Permission;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Wallet;
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Auth;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Http;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Proto;
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ public class AccountCurrentController(
     }
 
     [HttpPatch("statuses")]
-    [RequiredPermission("global", "accounts.statuses.update")]
+    [AskPermission("accounts.statuses.update")]
     public async Task<ActionResult<SnAccountStatus>> UpdateStatus([FromBody] AccountController.StatusRequest request)
     {
         if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not SnAccount currentUser) return Unauthorized();
@@ -228,7 +229,7 @@ public class AccountCurrentController(
     }
 
     [HttpPost("statuses")]
-    [RequiredPermission("global", "accounts.statuses.create")]
+    [AskPermission("accounts.statuses.create")]
     public async Task<ActionResult<SnAccountStatus>> CreateStatus([FromBody] AccountController.StatusRequest request)
     {
         if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not SnAccount currentUser) return Unauthorized();
@@ -559,7 +560,7 @@ public class AccountCurrentController(
 
     [HttpGet("devices")]
     [Authorize]
-    public async Task<ActionResult<List<SnAuthClientWithChallenge>>> GetDevices()
+    public async Task<ActionResult<List<SnAuthClientWithSessions>>> GetDevices()
     {
         if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not SnAccount currentUser ||
             HttpContext.Items["CurrentSession"] is not SnAuthSession currentSession) return Unauthorized();
@@ -570,18 +571,41 @@ public class AccountCurrentController(
             .Where(device => device.AccountId == currentUser.Id)
             .ToListAsync();
 
-        var challengeDevices = devices.Select(SnAuthClientWithChallenge.FromClient).ToList();
-        var deviceIds = challengeDevices.Select(x => x.Id).ToList();
+        var sessionDevices = devices.ConvertAll(SnAuthClientWithSessions.FromClient).ToList();
+        var clientIds = sessionDevices.Select(x => x.Id).ToList();
 
-        var authChallenges = await db.AuthChallenges
-            .Where(c => c.ClientId != null && deviceIds.Contains(c.ClientId.Value))
-            .GroupBy(c => c.ClientId)
-            .ToDictionaryAsync(c => c.Key!.Value, c => c.ToList());
-        foreach (var challengeDevice in challengeDevices)
-            if (authChallenges.TryGetValue(challengeDevice.Id, out var challenge))
-                challengeDevice.Challenges = challenge;
+        var authSessions = await db.AuthSessions
+            .Where(c => c.ClientId != null && clientIds.Contains(c.ClientId.Value))
+            .GroupBy(c => c.ClientId!.Value)
+            .ToDictionaryAsync(c => c.Key, c => c.ToList());
+        foreach (var dev in sessionDevices)
+            if (authSessions.TryGetValue(dev.Id, out var challenge))
+                dev.Sessions = challenge;
 
-        return Ok(challengeDevices);
+        return Ok(sessionDevices);
+    }
+
+    [HttpGet("challenges")]
+    [Authorize]
+    public async Task<ActionResult<List<SnAuthChallenge>>> GetChallenges(
+        [FromQuery] int take = 20,
+        [FromQuery] int offset = 0
+    )
+    {
+        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not SnAccount currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+
+        var query = db.AuthChallenges
+            .Where(challenge => challenge.AccountId == currentUser.Id)
+            .OrderByDescending(c => c.CreatedAt);
+
+        var total = await query.CountAsync();
+        Response.Headers.Append("X-Total", total.ToString());
+
+        var challenges = await query
+            .Skip(offset)
+            .Take(take)
+            .ToListAsync();
+        return Ok(challenges);
     }
 
     [HttpGet("sessions")]
@@ -595,8 +619,8 @@ public class AccountCurrentController(
             HttpContext.Items["CurrentSession"] is not SnAuthSession currentSession) return Unauthorized();
 
         var query = db.AuthSessions
+            .OrderByDescending(x => x.LastGrantedAt)
             .Include(session => session.Account)
-            .Include(session => session.Challenge)
             .Where(session => session.Account.Id == currentUser.Id);
 
         var total = await query.CountAsync();
@@ -604,7 +628,6 @@ public class AccountCurrentController(
         Response.Headers.Append("X-Auth-Session", currentSession.Id.ToString());
 
         var sessions = await query
-            .OrderByDescending(x => x.LastGrantedAt)
             .Skip(offset)
             .Take(take)
             .ToListAsync();
@@ -688,7 +711,7 @@ public class AccountCurrentController(
         if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not SnAccount currentUser ||
             HttpContext.Items["CurrentSession"] is not SnAuthSession currentSession) return Unauthorized();
 
-        var device = await db.AuthClients.FirstOrDefaultAsync(d => d.Id == currentSession.Challenge.ClientId);
+        var device = await db.AuthClients.FirstOrDefaultAsync(d => d.Id == currentSession.ClientId);
         if (device is null) return NotFound();
 
         try

DysonNetwork.Pass/Account/AccountService.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System.Globalization;
+using DysonNetwork.Pass.Affiliation;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Auth.OpenId;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Localization;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Mailer;
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ public class AccountService(
     FileService.FileServiceClient files,
     FileReferenceService.FileReferenceServiceClient fileRefs,
     AccountUsernameService uname,
+    AffiliationSpellService ars,
     EmailService mailer,
     RingService.RingServiceClient pusher,
     IStringLocalizer<NotificationResource> localizer,
@@ -54,11 +56,13 @@ public class AccountService(
 
     public async Task<SnAccount?> LookupAccount(string probe)
     {
-        var account = await db.Accounts.Where(a => a.Name == probe).FirstOrDefaultAsync();
+        var account = await db.Accounts.Where(a => EF.Functions.ILike(a.Name, probe)).FirstOrDefaultAsync();
         if (account is not null) return account;
 
         var contact = await db.AccountContacts
-            .Where(c => c.Content == probe)
+            .Where(c => c.Type == Shared.Models.AccountContactType.Email ||
+                        c.Type == Shared.Models.AccountContactType.PhoneNumber)
+            .Where(c => EF.Functions.ILike(c.Content, probe))
             .Include(c => c.Account)
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
         return contact?.Account;
@@ -81,6 +85,17 @@ public class AccountService(
         return profile?.Level;
     }
 
+    public async Task<bool> CheckAccountNameHasTaken(string name)
+    {
+        return await db.Accounts.AnyAsync(a => EF.Functions.ILike(a.Name, name));
+    }
+
+    public async Task<bool> CheckEmailHasBeenUsed(string email)
+    {
+        return await db.AccountContacts.AnyAsync(c =>
+            c.Type == Shared.Models.AccountContactType.Email && EF.Functions.ILike(c.Content, email));
+    }
+
     public async Task<SnAccount> CreateAccount(
         string name,
         string nick,
@@ -88,12 +103,12 @@ public class AccountService(
         string? password,
         string language = "en-US",
         string region = "en",
+        string? affiliationSpell = null,
         bool isEmailVerified = false,
         bool isActivated = false
     )
     {
-        var dupeNameCount = await db.Accounts.Where(a => a.Name == name).CountAsync();
-        if (dupeNameCount > 0)
+        if (await CheckAccountNameHasTaken(name))
             throw new InvalidOperationException("Account name has already been taken.");
 
         var dupeEmailCount = await db.AccountContacts
@@ -110,7 +125,7 @@ public class AccountService(
             Region = region,
             Contacts =
             [
-                new()
+                new SnAccountContact
                 {
                     Type = Shared.Models.AccountContactType.Email,
                     Content = email,
@@ -132,6 +147,9 @@ public class AccountService(
             Profile = new SnAccountProfile()
         };
 
+        if (affiliationSpell is not null)
+            await ars.CreateAffiliationResult(affiliationSpell, $"account:{account.Id}");
+
         if (isActivated)
         {
             account.ActivatedAt = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
@@ -140,7 +158,7 @@ public class AccountService(
             {
                 db.PermissionGroupMembers.Add(new SnPermissionGroupMember
                 {
-                    Actor = $"user:{account.Id}",
+                    Actor = account.Id.ToString(),
                     Group = defaultGroup
                 });
             }
@@ -181,10 +199,7 @@ public class AccountService(
             displayName,
             userInfo.Email,
             null,
-            "en-US",
-            "en",
-            userInfo.EmailVerified,
-            userInfo.EmailVerified
+            isEmailVerified: userInfo.EmailVerified
         );
     }
 
@@ -274,7 +289,8 @@ public class AccountService(
         return isExists;
     }
 
-    public async Task<SnAccountAuthFactor?> CreateAuthFactor(SnAccount account, Shared.Models.AccountAuthFactorType type, string? secret)
+    public async Task<SnAccountAuthFactor?> CreateAuthFactor(SnAccount account,
+        Shared.Models.AccountAuthFactorType type, string? secret)
     {
         SnAccountAuthFactor? factor = null;
         switch (type)
@@ -352,7 +368,8 @@ public class AccountService(
     public async Task<SnAccountAuthFactor> EnableAuthFactor(SnAccountAuthFactor factor, string? code)
     {
         if (factor.EnabledAt is not null) throw new ArgumentException("The factor has been enabled.");
-        if (factor.Type is Shared.Models.AccountAuthFactorType.Password or Shared.Models.AccountAuthFactorType.TimedCode)
+        if (factor.Type is Shared.Models.AccountAuthFactorType.Password
+            or Shared.Models.AccountAuthFactorType.TimedCode)
         {
             if (code is null || !factor.VerifyPassword(code))
                 throw new InvalidOperationException(
@@ -508,9 +525,7 @@ public class AccountService(
 
     private async Task<bool> IsDeviceActive(Guid id)
     {
-        return await db.AuthSessions
-            .Include(s => s.Challenge)
-            .AnyAsync(s => s.Challenge.ClientId == id);
+        return await db.AuthSessions.AnyAsync(s => s.ClientId == id);
     }
 
     public async Task<SnAuthClient> UpdateDeviceName(SnAccount account, string deviceId, string label)
@@ -529,8 +544,7 @@ public class AccountService(
     public async Task DeleteSession(SnAccount account, Guid sessionId)
     {
         var session = await db.AuthSessions
-            .Include(s => s.Challenge)
-            .ThenInclude(s => s.Client)
+            .Include(s => s.Client)
             .Where(s => s.Id == sessionId && s.AccountId == account.Id)
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
         if (session is null) throw new InvalidOperationException("Session was not found.");
@@ -539,11 +553,11 @@ public class AccountService(
         db.AuthSessions.Remove(session);
         await db.SaveChangesAsync();
 
-        if (session.Challenge.ClientId.HasValue)
+        if (session.ClientId.HasValue)
         {
-            if (!await IsDeviceActive(session.Challenge.ClientId.Value))
+            if (!await IsDeviceActive(session.ClientId.Value))
                 await pusher.UnsubscribePushNotificationsAsync(new UnsubscribePushNotificationsRequest()
-                    { DeviceId = session.Challenge.Client!.DeviceId }
+                    { DeviceId = session.Client!.DeviceId }
                 );
         }
 
@@ -564,15 +578,13 @@ public class AccountService(
         );
 
         var sessions = await db.AuthSessions
-            .Include(s => s.Challenge)
-            .Where(s => s.Challenge.ClientId == device.Id && s.AccountId == account.Id)
+            .Where(s => s.ClientId == device.Id && s.AccountId == account.Id)
             .ToListAsync();
 
         // The current session should be included in the sessions' list
         var now = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
         await db.AuthSessions
-            .Include(s => s.Challenge)
-            .Where(s => s.Challenge.ClientId == device.Id)
+            .Where(s => s.ClientId == device.Id)
             .ExecuteUpdateAsync(p => p.SetProperty(s => s.DeletedAt, s => now));
 
         db.AuthClients.Remove(device);
@@ -582,7 +594,8 @@ public class AccountService(
             await cache.RemoveAsync($"{AuthService.AuthCachePrefix}{item.Id}");
     }
 
-    public async Task<SnAccountContact> CreateContactMethod(SnAccount account, Shared.Models.AccountContactType type, string content)
+    public async Task<SnAccountContact> CreateContactMethod(SnAccount account, Shared.Models.AccountContactType type,
+        string content)
     {
         var isExists = await db.AccountContacts
             .Where(x => x.AccountId == account.Id && x.Type == type && x.Content == content)
@@ -644,7 +657,8 @@ public class AccountService(
         }
     }
 
-    public async Task<SnAccountContact> SetContactMethodPublic(SnAccount account, SnAccountContact contact, bool isPublic)
+    public async Task<SnAccountContact> SetContactMethodPublic(SnAccount account, SnAccountContact contact,
+        bool isPublic)
     {
         contact.IsPublic = isPublic;
         db.AccountContacts.Update(contact);

DysonNetwork.Pass/Account/MagicSpellController.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 
@@ -7,6 +9,20 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Account;
 [Route("/api/spells")]
 public class MagicSpellController(AppDatabase db, MagicSpellService sp) : ControllerBase
 {
+    [HttpPost("activation/resend")]
+    [Authorize]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> ResendActivationMagicSpell()
+    {
+        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not SnAccount currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+
+        var spell = await db.MagicSpells.FirstOrDefaultAsync(s =>
+            s.Type == MagicSpellType.AccountActivation && s.AccountId == currentUser.Id);
+        if (spell is null) return BadRequest("Unable to find activation magic spell.");
+        
+        await sp.NotifyMagicSpell(spell, true);
+        return Ok();
+    }
+
     [HttpPost("{spellId:guid}/resend")]
     public async Task<ActionResult> ResendMagicSpell(Guid spellId)
     {
@@ -38,7 +54,8 @@ public class MagicSpellController(AppDatabase db, MagicSpellService sp) : Contro
     }
 
     [HttpPost("{spellWord}/apply")]
-    public async Task<ActionResult> ApplyMagicSpell([FromRoute] string spellWord, [FromBody] MagicSpellApplyRequest? request)
+    public async Task<ActionResult> ApplyMagicSpell([FromRoute] string spellWord,
+        [FromBody] MagicSpellApplyRequest? request)
     {
         var word = Uri.UnescapeDataString(spellWord);
         var spell = await db.MagicSpells
@@ -59,6 +76,7 @@ public class MagicSpellController(AppDatabase db, MagicSpellService sp) : Contro
         {
             return BadRequest(ex.Message);
         }
+
         return Ok();
     }
 }

DysonNetwork.Pass/Account/MagicSpellService.cs

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ public class MagicSpellService(
         Dictionary<string, object> meta,
         Instant? expiredAt = null,
         Instant? affectedAt = null,
+        string? code = null,
         bool preventRepeat = false
     )
     {
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ public class MagicSpellService(
                 return existingSpell;
         }
 
-        var spellWord = _GenerateRandomString(128);
+        var spellWord = code ?? _GenerateRandomString(128);
         var spell = new SnMagicSpell
         {
             Spell = spellWord,
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ public class MagicSpellService(
                 {
                     db.PermissionGroupMembers.Add(new SnPermissionGroupMember
                     {
-                        Actor = $"user:{account.Id}",
+                        Actor = account.Id.ToString(),
                         Group = defaultGroup
                     });
                 }

DysonNetwork.Pass/Account/RelationshipService.cs

@@ -17,12 +17,18 @@ public class RelationshipService(
 {
     private const string UserFriendsCacheKeyPrefix = "accounts:friends:";
     private const string UserBlockedCacheKeyPrefix = "accounts:blocked:";
+    private static readonly TimeSpan CacheExpiration = TimeSpan.FromHours(1);
 
     public async Task<bool> HasExistingRelationship(Guid accountId, Guid relatedId)
     {
+        if (accountId == Guid.Empty || relatedId == Guid.Empty)
+            throw new ArgumentException("Account IDs cannot be empty.");
+        if (accountId == relatedId)
+            return false; // Prevent self-relationships
+
         var count = await db.AccountRelationships
             .Where(r => (r.AccountId == accountId && r.RelatedId == relatedId) ||
-                        (r.AccountId == relatedId && r.AccountId == accountId))
+                        (r.AccountId == relatedId && r.RelatedId == accountId))
             .CountAsync();
         return count > 0;
     }
@@ -34,6 +40,9 @@ public class RelationshipService(
         bool ignoreExpired = false
     )
     {
+        if (accountId == Guid.Empty || relatedId == Guid.Empty)
+            throw new ArgumentException("Account IDs cannot be empty.");
+
         var now = Instant.FromDateTimeUtc(DateTime.UtcNow);
         var queries = db.AccountRelationships.AsQueryable()
             .Where(r => r.AccountId == accountId && r.RelatedId == relatedId);
@@ -61,7 +70,7 @@ public class RelationshipService(
         db.AccountRelationships.Add(relationship);
         await db.SaveChangesAsync();
 
-        await PurgeRelationshipCache(sender.Id, target.Id);
+        await PurgeRelationshipCache(sender.Id, target.Id, status);
 
         return relationship;
     }
@@ -80,7 +89,7 @@ public class RelationshipService(
         db.Remove(relationship);
         await db.SaveChangesAsync();
 
-        await PurgeRelationshipCache(sender.Id, target.Id);
+        await PurgeRelationshipCache(sender.Id, target.Id, RelationshipStatus.Blocked);
 
         return relationship;
     }
@@ -114,19 +123,24 @@ public class RelationshipService(
             }
         });
 
+        await PurgeRelationshipCache(sender.Id, target.Id, RelationshipStatus.Pending);
+
         return relationship;
     }
 
     public async Task DeleteFriendRequest(Guid accountId, Guid relatedId)
     {
-        var relationship = await GetRelationship(accountId, relatedId, RelationshipStatus.Pending);
-        if (relationship is null) throw new ArgumentException("Friend request was not found.");
+        if (accountId == Guid.Empty || relatedId == Guid.Empty)
+            throw new ArgumentException("Account IDs cannot be empty.");
 
-        await db.AccountRelationships
+        var affectedRows = await db.AccountRelationships
             .Where(r => r.AccountId == accountId && r.RelatedId == relatedId && r.Status == RelationshipStatus.Pending)
             .ExecuteDeleteAsync();
 
-        await PurgeRelationshipCache(relationship.AccountId, relationship.RelatedId);
+        if (affectedRows == 0)
+            throw new ArgumentException("Friend request was not found.");
+
+        await PurgeRelationshipCache(accountId, relatedId, RelationshipStatus.Pending);
     }
 
     public async Task<SnAccountRelationship> AcceptFriendRelationship(
@@ -155,7 +169,7 @@ public class RelationshipService(
 
         await db.SaveChangesAsync();
 
-        await PurgeRelationshipCache(relationship.AccountId, relationship.RelatedId);
+        await PurgeRelationshipCache(relationship.AccountId, relationship.RelatedId, RelationshipStatus.Friends, status);
 
         return relationshipBackward;
     }
@@ -165,11 +179,12 @@ public class RelationshipService(
         var relationship = await GetRelationship(accountId, relatedId);
         if (relationship is null) throw new ArgumentException("There is no relationship between you and the user.");
         if (relationship.Status == status) return relationship;
+        var oldStatus = relationship.Status;
         relationship.Status = status;
         db.Update(relationship);
         await db.SaveChangesAsync();
 
-        await PurgeRelationshipCache(accountId, relatedId);
+        await PurgeRelationshipCache(accountId, relatedId, oldStatus, status);
 
         return relationship;
     }
@@ -181,21 +196,7 @@ public class RelationshipService(
 
     public async Task<List<Guid>> ListAccountFriends(Guid accountId)
     {
-        var cacheKey = $"{UserFriendsCacheKeyPrefix}{accountId}";
-        var friends = await cache.GetAsync<List<Guid>>(cacheKey);
-
-        if (friends == null)
-        {
-            friends = await db.AccountRelationships
-                .Where(r => r.RelatedId == accountId)
-                .Where(r => r.Status == RelationshipStatus.Friends)
-                .Select(r => r.AccountId)
-                .ToListAsync();
-
-            await cache.SetAsync(cacheKey, friends, TimeSpan.FromHours(1));
-        }
-
-        return friends ?? [];
+        return await GetCachedRelationships(accountId, RelationshipStatus.Friends, UserFriendsCacheKeyPrefix);
     }
 
     public async Task<List<Guid>> ListAccountBlocked(SnAccount account)
@@ -205,21 +206,7 @@ public class RelationshipService(
 
     public async Task<List<Guid>> ListAccountBlocked(Guid accountId)
     {
-        var cacheKey = $"{UserBlockedCacheKeyPrefix}{accountId}";
-        var blocked = await cache.GetAsync<List<Guid>>(cacheKey);
-
-        if (blocked == null)
-        {
-            blocked = await db.AccountRelationships
-                .Where(r => r.RelatedId == accountId)
-                .Where(r => r.Status == RelationshipStatus.Blocked)
-                .Select(r => r.AccountId)
-                .ToListAsync();
-
-            await cache.SetAsync(cacheKey, blocked, TimeSpan.FromHours(1));
-        }
-
-        return blocked ?? [];
+        return await GetCachedRelationships(accountId, RelationshipStatus.Blocked, UserBlockedCacheKeyPrefix);
     }
 
     public async Task<bool> HasRelationshipWithStatus(Guid accountId, Guid relatedId,
@@ -229,11 +216,52 @@ public class RelationshipService(
         return relationship is not null;
     }
 
-    private async Task PurgeRelationshipCache(Guid accountId, Guid relatedId)
+    private async Task<List<Guid>> GetCachedRelationships(Guid accountId, RelationshipStatus status, string cachePrefix)
     {
-        await cache.RemoveAsync($"{UserFriendsCacheKeyPrefix}{accountId}");
-        await cache.RemoveAsync($"{UserFriendsCacheKeyPrefix}{relatedId}");
-        await cache.RemoveAsync($"{UserBlockedCacheKeyPrefix}{accountId}");
-        await cache.RemoveAsync($"{UserBlockedCacheKeyPrefix}{relatedId}");
+        if (accountId == Guid.Empty)
+            throw new ArgumentException("Account ID cannot be empty.");
+
+        var cacheKey = $"{cachePrefix}{accountId}";
+        var relationships = await cache.GetAsync<List<Guid>>(cacheKey);
+
+        if (relationships == null)
+        {
+            var now = Instant.FromDateTimeUtc(DateTime.UtcNow);
+            relationships = await db.AccountRelationships
+                .Where(r => r.RelatedId == accountId)
+                .Where(r => r.Status == status)
+                .Where(r => r.ExpiredAt == null || r.ExpiredAt > now)
+                .Select(r => r.AccountId)
+                .ToListAsync();
+
+            await cache.SetAsync(cacheKey, relationships, CacheExpiration);
+        }
+
+        return relationships ?? new List<Guid>();
+    }
+
+    private async Task PurgeRelationshipCache(Guid accountId, Guid relatedId, params RelationshipStatus[] statuses)
+    {
+        if (statuses.Length == 0)
+        {
+            statuses = Enum.GetValues<RelationshipStatus>();
+        }
+
+        var keysToRemove = new List<string>();
+
+        if (statuses.Contains(RelationshipStatus.Friends) || statuses.Contains(RelationshipStatus.Pending))
+        {
+            keysToRemove.Add($"{UserFriendsCacheKeyPrefix}{accountId}");
+            keysToRemove.Add($"{UserFriendsCacheKeyPrefix}{relatedId}");
+        }
+
+        if (statuses.Contains(RelationshipStatus.Blocked))
+        {
+            keysToRemove.Add($"{UserBlockedCacheKeyPrefix}{accountId}");
+            keysToRemove.Add($"{UserBlockedCacheKeyPrefix}{relatedId}");
+        }
+
+        var removeTasks = keysToRemove.Select(key => cache.RemoveAsync(key));
+        await Task.WhenAll(removeTasks);
     }
 }

DysonNetwork.Pass/Affiliation/AffiliationSpellController.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+
+namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Affiliation;
+
+[ApiController]
+[Route("/api/affiliations")]
+public class AffiliationSpellController(AppDatabase db, AffiliationSpellService ars) : ControllerBase
+{
+    public class CreateAffiliationSpellRequest
+    {
+        [MaxLength(1024)] public string? Spell { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    [HttpPost]
+    [Authorize]
+    public async Task<ActionResult<SnAffiliationSpell>> CreateSpell([FromBody] CreateAffiliationSpellRequest request)
+    {
+        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not SnAccount currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+
+        try
+        {
+            var spell = await ars.CreateAffiliationSpell(currentUser.Id, request.Spell);
+            return Ok(spell);
+        }
+        catch (InvalidOperationException e)
+        {
+            return BadRequest(e.Message);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    [HttpGet]
+    [Authorize]
+    public async Task<ActionResult<List<SnAffiliationSpell>>> ListCreatedSpells(
+        [FromQuery(Name = "order")] string orderBy = "date",
+        [FromQuery(Name = "desc")] bool orderDesc = false,
+        [FromQuery] int take = 10,
+        [FromQuery] int offset = 0
+    )
+    {
+        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not SnAccount currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+
+        var queryable = db.AffiliationSpells
+            .Where(s => s.AccountId == currentUser.Id)
+            .AsQueryable();
+
+        queryable = orderBy switch
+        {
+            "usage" => orderDesc
+                ? queryable.OrderByDescending(q => q.Results.Count)
+                : queryable.OrderBy(q => q.Results.Count),
+            _ => orderDesc
+                ? queryable.OrderByDescending(q => q.CreatedAt)
+                : queryable.OrderBy(q => q.CreatedAt)
+        };
+
+        var totalCount = queryable.Count();
+        Response.Headers["X-Total"] = totalCount.ToString();
+
+        var spells = await queryable
+            .Skip(offset)
+            .Take(take)
+            .ToListAsync();
+        return Ok(spells);
+    }
+
+    [HttpGet("{id:guid}")]
+    [Authorize]
+    public async Task<ActionResult<SnAffiliationSpell>> GetSpell([FromRoute] Guid id)
+    {
+        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not SnAccount currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+
+        var spell = await db.AffiliationSpells
+            .Where(s => s.AccountId == currentUser.Id)
+            .Where(s => s.Id == id)
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
+        if (spell is null) return NotFound();
+
+        return Ok(spell);
+    }
+
+    [HttpGet("{id:guid}/results")]
+    [Authorize]
+    public async Task<ActionResult<List<SnAffiliationResult>>> ListResults(
+        [FromRoute] Guid id,
+        [FromQuery(Name = "desc")] bool orderDesc = false,
+        [FromQuery] int take = 10,
+        [FromQuery] int offset = 0
+    )
+    {
+        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not SnAccount currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+
+        var queryable = db.AffiliationResults
+            .Include(r => r.Spell)
+            .Where(r => r.Spell.AccountId == currentUser.Id)
+            .Where(r => r.SpellId == id)
+            .AsQueryable();
+
+        // Order by creation date
+        queryable = orderDesc
+            ? queryable.OrderByDescending(r => r.CreatedAt)
+            : queryable.OrderBy(r => r.CreatedAt);
+
+        var totalCount = queryable.Count();
+        Response.Headers["X-Total"] = totalCount.ToString();
+
+        var results = await queryable
+            .Skip(offset)
+            .Take(take)
+            .ToListAsync();
+        return Ok(results);
+    }
+
+    [HttpDelete("{id:guid}")]
+    [Authorize]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> DeleteSpell([FromRoute] Guid id)
+    {
+        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not SnAccount currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+
+        var spell = await db.AffiliationSpells
+            .Where(s => s.AccountId == currentUser.Id)
+            .Where(s => s.Id == id)
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
+        if (spell is null) return NotFound();
+
+        db.AffiliationSpells.Remove(spell);
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync();
+
+        return Ok();
+    }
+}

DysonNetwork.Pass/Affiliation/AffiliationSpellService.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+
+namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Affiliation;
+
+public class AffiliationSpellService(AppDatabase db)
+{
+    public async Task<SnAffiliationSpell> CreateAffiliationSpell(Guid accountId, string? spellWord)
+    {
+        spellWord ??= _GenerateRandomString(8);
+        if (await CheckAffiliationSpellHasTaken(spellWord))
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("The spell has been taken.");
+
+        var spell = new SnAffiliationSpell
+        {
+            AccountId = accountId,
+            Spell = spellWord
+        };
+
+        db.AffiliationSpells.Add(spell);
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync();
+        return spell;
+    }
+
+    public async Task<SnAffiliationResult> CreateAffiliationResult(string spellWord, string resourceId)
+    {
+        var spell =
+            await db.AffiliationSpells.FirstOrDefaultAsync(a => a.Spell == spellWord);
+        if (spell is null) throw  new InvalidOperationException("The spell was not found.");
+
+        var result = new SnAffiliationResult
+        {
+            Spell = spell,
+            ResourceIdentifier = resourceId
+        };
+        db.AffiliationResults.Add(result);
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync();
+        
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public async Task<bool> CheckAffiliationSpellHasTaken(string spellWord)
+    {
+        return await db.AffiliationSpells.AnyAsync(s => s.Spell == spellWord);
+    }
+
+    private static string _GenerateRandomString(int length)
+    {
+        const string chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
+        var result = new char[length];
+        using var rng = RandomNumberGenerator.Create();
+        for (var i = 0; i < length; i++)
+        {
+            var bytes = new byte[1];
+            rng.GetBytes(bytes);
+            result[i] = chars[bytes[0] % chars.Length];
+        }
+
+        return new string(result);
+    }
+}

DysonNetwork.Pass/AppDatabase.cs

@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ public class AppDatabase(
     public DbSet<SnLottery> Lotteries { get; set; } = null!;
     public DbSet<SnLotteryRecord> LotteryRecords { get; set; } = null!;
 
+    public DbSet<SnAffiliationSpell> AffiliationSpells { get; set; } = null!;
+    public DbSet<SnAffiliationResult> AffiliationResults { get; set; } = null!;
+
     protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
     {
         optionsBuilder.UseNpgsql(
@@ -100,7 +103,7 @@ public class AppDatabase(
                             "stickers.packs.create",
                             "stickers.create"
                         }.Select(permission =>
-                            PermissionService.NewPermissionNode("group:default", "global", permission, true))
+                            PermissionService.NewPermissionNode("group:default", permission, true))
                         .ToList()
                 });
                 await context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);

DysonNetwork.Pass/Auth/Auth.cs

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public class DysonTokenAuthHandler(
             };
 
             // Add scopes as claims
-            session.Challenge?.Scopes.ForEach(scope => claims.Add(new Claim("scope", scope)));
+            session.Scopes.ForEach(scope => claims.Add(new Claim("scope", scope)));
 
             // Add superuser claim if applicable
             if (session.Account.IsSuperuser)
@@ -117,16 +117,17 @@ public class DysonTokenAuthHandler(
         {
             if (authHeader.StartsWith("Bearer ", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
             {
-                var token = authHeader["Bearer ".Length..].Trim();
-                var parts = token.Split('.');
+                var tokenText = authHeader["Bearer ".Length..].Trim();
+                var parts = tokenText.Split('.');
 
                 return new TokenInfo
                 {
-                    Token = token,
+                    Token = tokenText,
                     Type = parts.Length == 3 ? TokenType.OidcKey : TokenType.AuthKey
                 };
             }
-            else if (authHeader.StartsWith("AtField ", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+
+            if (authHeader.StartsWith("AtField ", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
             {
                 return new TokenInfo
                 {
@@ -134,7 +135,8 @@ public class DysonTokenAuthHandler(
                     Type = TokenType.AuthKey
                 };
             }
-            else if (authHeader.StartsWith("AkField ", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+
+            if (authHeader.StartsWith("AkField ", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
             {
                 return new TokenInfo
                 {

DysonNetwork.Pass/Auth/AuthController.cs

@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ public class AuthController(
 
     public class ChallengeRequest
     {
-        [Required] public ClientPlatform Platform { get; set; }
+        [Required] public Shared.Models.ClientPlatform Platform { get; set; }
         [Required] [MaxLength(256)] public string Account { get; set; } = null!;
         [Required] [MaxLength(512)] public string DeviceId { get; set; } = null!;
         [MaxLength(1024)] public string? DeviceName { get; set; }
-        public List<string> Audiences { get; set; } = new();
-        public List<string> Scopes { get; set; } = new();
+        public List<string> Audiences { get; set; } = [];
+        public List<string> Scopes { get; set; } = [];
     }
 
     [HttpPost("challenge")]
@@ -61,9 +61,6 @@ public class AuthController(
 
         request.DeviceName ??= userAgent;
 
-        var device =
-            await auth.GetOrCreateDeviceAsync(account.Id, request.DeviceId, request.DeviceName, request.Platform);
-
         // Trying to pick up challenges from the same IP address and user agent
         var existingChallenge = await db.AuthChallenges
             .Where(e => e.AccountId == account.Id)
@@ -71,15 +68,9 @@ public class AuthController(
             .Where(e => e.UserAgent == userAgent)
             .Where(e => e.StepRemain > 0)
             .Where(e => e.ExpiredAt != null && now < e.ExpiredAt)
-            .Where(e => e.Type == Shared.Models.ChallengeType.Login)
-            .Where(e => e.ClientId == device.Id)
+            .Where(e => e.DeviceId == request.DeviceId)
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
-        if (existingChallenge is not null)
-        {
-            var existingSession = await db.AuthSessions.Where(e => e.ChallengeId == existingChallenge.Id)
-                .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
-            if (existingSession is null) return existingChallenge;
-        }
+        if (existingChallenge is not null) return existingChallenge;
 
         var challenge = new SnAuthChallenge
         {
@@ -90,7 +81,9 @@ public class AuthController(
             IpAddress = ipAddress,
             UserAgent = userAgent,
             Location = geo.GetPointFromIp(ipAddress),
-            ClientId = device.Id,
+            DeviceId = request.DeviceId,
+            DeviceName = request.DeviceName,
+            Platform = request.Platform,
             AccountId = account.Id
         }.Normalize();
 
@@ -112,14 +105,11 @@ public class AuthController(
             .ThenInclude(e => e.Profile)
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync(e => e.Id == id);
 
-        if (challenge is null)
-        {
+        if (challenge is not null) return challenge;
         logger.LogWarning("GetChallenge: challenge not found (challengeId={ChallengeId}, ip={IpAddress})",
             id, HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString());
         return NotFound("Auth challenge was not found.");
-        }
 
-        return challenge;
     }
 
     [HttpGet("challenge/{id:guid}/factors")]
@@ -176,7 +166,6 @@ public class AuthController(
     {
         var challenge = await db.AuthChallenges
             .Include(e => e.Account)
-            .Include(authChallenge => authChallenge.Client)
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync(e => e.Id == id);
         if (challenge is null) return NotFound("Auth challenge was not found.");
 
@@ -218,7 +207,7 @@ public class AuthController(
                 throw new ArgumentException("Invalid password.");
             }
         }
-        catch (Exception ex)
+        catch (Exception)
         {
             challenge.FailedAttempts++;
             db.Update(challenge);
@@ -231,8 +220,11 @@ public class AuthController(
             );
             await db.SaveChangesAsync();
 
-            logger.LogWarning("DoChallenge: authentication failure (challengeId={ChallengeId}, factorId={FactorId}, accountId={AccountId}, failedAttempts={FailedAttempts}, factorType={FactorType}, ip={IpAddress}, uaLength={UaLength})",
-                challenge.Id, factor.Id, challenge.AccountId, challenge.FailedAttempts, factor.Type, HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString(), (HttpContext.Request.Headers.UserAgent.ToString() ?? "").Length);
+            logger.LogWarning(
+                "DoChallenge: authentication failure (challengeId={ChallengeId}, factorId={FactorId}, accountId={AccountId}, failedAttempts={FailedAttempts}, factorType={FactorType}, ip={IpAddress}, uaLength={UaLength})",
+                challenge.Id, factor.Id, challenge.AccountId, challenge.FailedAttempts, factor.Type,
+                HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString(),
+                HttpContext.Request.Headers.UserAgent.ToString().Length);
 
             return BadRequest("Invalid password.");
         }
@@ -242,11 +234,11 @@ public class AuthController(
             AccountService.SetCultureInfo(challenge.Account);
             await pusher.SendPushNotificationToUserAsync(new SendPushNotificationToUserRequest
             {
-                Notification = new PushNotification()
+                Notification = new PushNotification
                 {
                     Topic = "auth.login",
                     Title = localizer["NewLoginTitle"],
-                    Body = localizer["NewLoginBody", challenge.Client?.DeviceName ?? "unknown",
+                    Body = localizer["NewLoginBody", challenge.DeviceName ?? "unknown",
                         challenge.IpAddress ?? "unknown"],
                     IsSavable = true
                 },
@@ -277,6 +269,14 @@ public class AuthController(
         public string Token { get; set; } = string.Empty;
     }
 
+    public class NewSessionRequest
+    {
+        [Required] [MaxLength(512)] public string DeviceId { get; set; } = null!;
+        [MaxLength(1024)] public string? DeviceName { get; set; }
+        [Required] public Shared.Models.ClientPlatform Platform { get; set; }
+        public Instant? ExpiredAt { get; set; }
+    }
+
     [HttpPost("token")]
     public async Task<ActionResult<TokenExchangeResponse>> ExchangeToken([FromBody] TokenExchangeRequest request)
     {
@@ -327,4 +327,35 @@ public class AuthController(
         });
         return Ok();
     }
+
+    [HttpPost("login/session")]
+    [Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization.Authorize] // Use full namespace to avoid ambiguity with DysonNetwork.Pass.Permission.Authorize
+    public async Task<ActionResult<TokenExchangeResponse>> LoginFromSession([FromBody] NewSessionRequest request)
+    {
+        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not SnAccount ||
+            HttpContext.Items["CurrentSession"] is not SnAuthSession currentSession)
+            return Unauthorized();
+
+        var newSession = await auth.CreateSessionFromParentAsync(
+            currentSession,
+            request.DeviceId,
+            request.DeviceName,
+            request.Platform,
+            request.ExpiredAt
+        );
+
+        var tk = auth.CreateToken(newSession);
+
+        // Set cookie using HttpContext, similar to CreateSessionAndIssueToken
+        HttpContext.Response.Cookies.Append(AuthConstants.CookieTokenName, tk, new CookieOptions
+        {
+            HttpOnly = true,
+            Secure = true,
+            SameSite = SameSiteMode.Lax,
+            Domain = _cookieDomain,
+            Expires = request.ExpiredAt?.ToDateTimeOffset() ?? DateTime.UtcNow.AddYears(20)
+        });
+
+        return Ok(new TokenExchangeResponse { Token = tk });
+    }
 }

DysonNetwork.Pass/Auth/AuthService.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Cache;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Data;
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.GeoIp;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 using NodaTime;
@@ -14,7 +15,8 @@ public class AuthService(
     IConfiguration config,
     IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory,
     IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor,
-    ICacheService cache
+    ICacheService cache,
+    GeoIpService geo
 )
 {
     private HttpContext HttpContext => httpContextAccessor.HttpContext!;
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ public class AuthService(
     {
         // 1) Find out how many authentication factors the account has enabled.
         var enabledFactors = await db.AccountAuthFactors
-            .Where(f => f.AccountId == account.Id)
+            .Where(f => f.AccountId == account.Id && f.Type != AccountAuthFactorType.PinCode)
             .Where(f => f.EnabledAt != null)
             .ToListAsync();
         var maxSteps = enabledFactors.Count;
@@ -42,13 +44,18 @@ public class AuthService(
 
         // 2) Get login context from recent sessions
         var recentSessions = await db.AuthSessions
-            .Include(s => s.Challenge)
             .Where(s => s.AccountId == account.Id)
             .Where(s => s.LastGrantedAt != null)
             .OrderByDescending(s => s.LastGrantedAt)
             .Take(10)
             .ToListAsync();
 
+        var recentChallengeIds =
+            recentSessions
+                .Where(s => s.ChallengeId != null)
+                .Select(s => s.ChallengeId!.Value).ToList();
+        var recentChallenges = await db.AuthChallenges.Where(c => recentChallengeIds.Contains(c.Id)).ToListAsync();
+
         var ipAddress = request.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString();
         var userAgent = request.Headers.UserAgent.ToString();
 
@@ -60,14 +67,14 @@ public class AuthService(
         else
         {
             // Check if IP has been used before
-            var ipPreviouslyUsed = recentSessions.Any(s => s.Challenge?.IpAddress == ipAddress);
+            var ipPreviouslyUsed = recentChallenges.Any(c => c.IpAddress == ipAddress);
             if (!ipPreviouslyUsed)
             {
                 riskScore += 8;
             }
 
             // Check geographical distance for last known location
-            var lastKnownIp = recentSessions.FirstOrDefault(s => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s.Challenge?.IpAddress))?.Challenge?.IpAddress;
+            var lastKnownIp = recentChallenges.FirstOrDefault(c => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(c.IpAddress))?.IpAddress;
             if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(lastKnownIp) && lastKnownIp != ipAddress)
             {
                 riskScore += 6;
@@ -81,9 +88,9 @@ public class AuthService(
         }
         else
         {
-            var uaPreviouslyUsed = recentSessions.Any(s =>
-                !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s.Challenge?.UserAgent) &&
-                string.Equals(s.Challenge.UserAgent, userAgent, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+            var uaPreviouslyUsed = recentChallenges.Any(c =>
+                !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(c.UserAgent) &&
+                string.Equals(c.UserAgent, userAgent, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
 
             if (!uaPreviouslyUsed)
             {
@@ -157,7 +164,7 @@ public class AuthService(
         // 8) Device Trust Assessment
         var trustedDeviceIds = recentSessions
             .Where(s => s.CreatedAt > now.Minus(Duration.FromDays(30))) // Trust devices from last 30 days
-            .Select(s => s.Challenge?.ClientId)
+            .Select(s => s.ClientId)
             .Where(id => id.HasValue)
             .Distinct()
             .ToList();
@@ -181,29 +188,28 @@ public class AuthService(
         return totalRequiredSteps;
     }
 
-    public async Task<SnAuthSession> CreateSessionForOidcAsync(SnAccount account, Instant time,
-        Guid? customAppId = null)
+    public async Task<SnAuthSession> CreateSessionForOidcAsync(
+        SnAccount account,
+        Instant time,
+        Guid? customAppId = null,
+        SnAuthSession? parentSession = null
+    )
     {
-        var challenge = new SnAuthChallenge
-        {
-            AccountId = account.Id,
-            IpAddress = HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString(),
-            UserAgent = HttpContext.Request.Headers.UserAgent,
-            StepRemain = 1,
-            StepTotal = 1,
-            Type = customAppId is not null ? ChallengeType.OAuth : ChallengeType.Oidc
-        };
-
+        var ipAddr = HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString();
+        var geoLocation = ipAddr is not null ? geo.GetPointFromIp(ipAddr) : null;
         var session = new SnAuthSession
         {
             AccountId = account.Id,
             CreatedAt = time,
             LastGrantedAt = time,
-            Challenge = challenge,
-            AppId = customAppId
+            IpAddress = ipAddr,
+            UserAgent = HttpContext.Request.Headers.UserAgent,
+            Location = geoLocation,
+            AppId = customAppId,
+            ParentSessionId = parentSession?.Id,
+            Type = customAppId is not null ? SessionType.OAuth : SessionType.Oidc,
         };
 
-        db.AuthChallenges.Add(challenge);
         db.AuthSessions.Add(session);
         await db.SaveChangesAsync();
 
@@ -217,7 +223,8 @@ public class AuthService(
         ClientPlatform platform = ClientPlatform.Unidentified
     )
     {
-        var device = await db.AuthClients.FirstOrDefaultAsync(d => d.DeviceId == deviceId && d.AccountId == accountId);
+        var device = await db.AuthClients
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(d => d.DeviceId == deviceId && d.AccountId == accountId);
         if (device is not null) return device;
         device = new SnAuthClient
         {
@@ -288,35 +295,71 @@ public class AuthService(
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Immediately revoke a session by setting expiry to now and clearing from cache
-    /// This provides immediate invalidation of tokens and sessions
+    /// This provides immediate invalidation of tokens and sessions, including all child sessions recursively.
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="sessionId">Session ID to revoke</param>
     /// <returns>True if session was found and revoked, false otherwise</returns>
     public async Task<bool> RevokeSessionAsync(Guid sessionId)
     {
-        var session = await db.AuthSessions.FirstOrDefaultAsync(s => s.Id == sessionId);
-        if (session == null)
+        var sessionsToRevokeIds = new HashSet<Guid>();
+        await CollectSessionsToRevoke(sessionId, sessionsToRevokeIds);
+
+        if (sessionsToRevokeIds.Count == 0)
         {
             return false;
         }
 
-        // Set expiry to now (immediate invalidation)
         var now = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
+        var accountIdsToClearCache = new HashSet<Guid>();
+
+        // Fetch all sessions to be revoked in one go
+        var sessions = await db.AuthSessions
+            .Where(s => sessionsToRevokeIds.Contains(s.Id))
+            .ToListAsync();
+
+        foreach (var session in sessions)
+        {
             session.ExpiredAt = now;
-        db.AuthSessions.Update(session);
+            accountIdsToClearCache.Add(session.AccountId);
 
-        // Clear from cache immediately
-        var cacheKey = $"{AuthCachePrefix}{session.Id}";
-        await cache.RemoveAsync(cacheKey);
-
-        // Clear account-level cache groups that include this session
-        await cache.RemoveAsync($"{AuthCachePrefix}{session.AccountId}");
+            // Clear from cache immediately for each session
+            await cache.RemoveAsync($"{AuthCachePrefix}{session.Id}");
+        }
 
+        db.AuthSessions.UpdateRange(sessions);
         await db.SaveChangesAsync();
 
+        // Clear account-level cache groups
+        foreach (var accountId in accountIdsToClearCache)
+        {
+            await cache.RemoveAsync($"{AuthCachePrefix}{accountId}");
+        }
+
         return true;
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Recursively collects all session IDs that need to be revoked, starting from a given session.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="currentSessionId">The session ID to start collecting from.</param>
+    /// <param name="sessionsToRevoke">A HashSet to store the IDs of all sessions to be revoked.</param>
+    private async Task CollectSessionsToRevoke(Guid currentSessionId, HashSet<Guid> sessionsToRevoke)
+    {
+        if (!sessionsToRevoke.Add(currentSessionId))
+            return; // Already processed this session
+
+        // Find direct children
+        var childSessions = await db.AuthSessions
+            .Where(s => s.ParentSessionId == currentSessionId)
+            .Select(s => s.Id)
+            .ToListAsync();
+
+        foreach (var childId in childSessions)
+        {
+            await CollectSessionsToRevoke(childId, sessionsToRevoke);
+        }
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Revoke all sessions for an account (logout everywhere)
     /// </summary>
@@ -375,10 +418,12 @@ public class AuthService(
         if (challenge.StepRemain != 0)
             throw new ArgumentException("Challenge not yet completed.");
 
-        var hasSession = await db.AuthSessions
-            .AnyAsync(e => e.ChallengeId == challenge.Id);
-        if (hasSession)
-            throw new ArgumentException("Session already exists for this challenge.");
+        var device = await GetOrCreateDeviceAsync(
+            challenge.AccountId,
+            challenge.DeviceId,
+            challenge.DeviceName,
+            challenge.Platform
+        );
 
         var now = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
         var session = new SnAuthSession
@@ -386,7 +431,13 @@ public class AuthService(
             LastGrantedAt = now,
             ExpiredAt = now.Plus(Duration.FromDays(7)),
             AccountId = challenge.AccountId,
-            ChallengeId = challenge.Id
+            IpAddress = challenge.IpAddress,
+            UserAgent = challenge.UserAgent,
+            Location = challenge.Location,
+            Scopes = challenge.Scopes,
+            Audiences = challenge.Audiences,
+            ChallengeId = challenge.Id,
+            ClientId = device.Id,
         };
 
         db.AuthSessions.Add(session);
@@ -409,7 +460,7 @@ public class AuthService(
         return tk;
     }
 
-    private string CreateCompactToken(Guid sessionId, RSA rsa)
+    private static string CreateCompactToken(Guid sessionId, RSA rsa)
     {
         // Create the payload: just the session ID
         var payloadBytes = sessionId.ToByteArray();
@@ -500,7 +551,8 @@ public class AuthService(
         return key;
     }
 
-    public async Task<SnApiKey> CreateApiKey(Guid accountId, string label, Instant? expiredAt = null)
+    public async Task<SnApiKey> CreateApiKey(Guid accountId, string label, Instant? expiredAt = null,
+        SnAuthSession? parentSession = null)
     {
         var key = new SnApiKey
         {
@@ -509,7 +561,8 @@ public class AuthService(
             Session = new SnAuthSession
             {
                 AccountId = accountId,
-                ExpiredAt = expiredAt
+                ExpiredAt = expiredAt,
+                ParentSessionId = parentSession?.Id
             },
         };
 
@@ -615,4 +668,47 @@ public class AuthService(
 
         return Convert.FromBase64String(padded);
     }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a new session derived from an existing parent session.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="parentSession">The existing session from which the new session is derived.</param>
+    /// <param name="deviceId">The ID of the device for the new session.</param>
+    /// <param name="deviceName">The name of the device for the new session.</param>
+    /// <param name="platform">The platform of the device for the new session.</param>
+    /// <param name="expiredAt">Optional: The expiration time for the new session.</param>
+    /// <returns>The newly created SnAuthSession.</returns>
+    public async Task<SnAuthSession> CreateSessionFromParentAsync(
+        SnAuthSession parentSession,
+        string deviceId,
+        string? deviceName,
+        ClientPlatform platform,
+        Instant? expiredAt = null
+    )
+    {
+        var device = await GetOrCreateDeviceAsync(parentSession.AccountId, deviceId, deviceName, platform);
+
+        var ipAddress = HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString();
+        var userAgent = HttpContext.Request.Headers.UserAgent.ToString();
+        var geoLocation = ipAddress is not null ? geo.GetPointFromIp(ipAddress) : null;
+
+        var now = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
+        var session = new SnAuthSession
+        {
+            IpAddress = ipAddress,
+            UserAgent = userAgent,
+            Location = geoLocation,
+            AccountId = parentSession.AccountId,
+            CreatedAt = now,
+            LastGrantedAt = now,
+            ExpiredAt = expiredAt,
+            ParentSessionId = parentSession.Id,
+            ClientId = device.Id,
+        };
+
+        db.AuthSessions.Add(session);
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync();
+
+        return session;
+    }
 }

DysonNetwork.Pass/Auth/OidcProvider/Controllers/OidcProviderController.cs

@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ public class OidcProviderController(
             HttpContext.Items["CurrentSession"] is not SnAuthSession currentSession) return Unauthorized();
 
         // Get requested scopes from the token
-        var scopes = currentSession.Challenge?.Scopes ?? [];
+        var scopes = currentSession.Scopes;
 
         var userInfo = new Dictionary<string, object>
         {

DysonNetwork.Pass/Auth/OidcProvider/Services/OidcProviderService.cs

@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ public class OidcProviderService(
         var now = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
 
         var queryable = db.AuthSessions
-            .Include(s => s.Challenge)
             .AsQueryable();
         if (withAccount)
             queryable = queryable
@@ -85,8 +84,7 @@ public class OidcProviderService(
             .Where(s => s.AccountId == accountId &&
                         s.AppId == clientId &&
                         (s.ExpiredAt == null || s.ExpiredAt > now) &&
-                        s.Challenge != null &&
-                        s.Challenge.Type == Shared.Models.ChallengeType.OAuth)
+                        s.Type == Shared.Models.SessionType.OAuth)
             .OrderByDescending(s => s.CreatedAt)
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
     }
@@ -511,7 +509,6 @@ public class OidcProviderService(
     {
         return await db.AuthSessions
             .Include(s => s.Account)
-            .Include(s => s.Challenge)
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync(s => s.Id == sessionId);
     }
 

DysonNetwork.Pass/Auth/OpenId/ConnectionController.cs

@@ -342,13 +342,19 @@ public class ConnectionController(
                 callbackData.State.Split('|').FirstOrDefault() :
                 string.Empty;
 
-            var challenge = await oidcService.CreateChallengeForUserAsync(
+            if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentSession"] is not SnAuthSession parentSession) parentSession = null;
+            
+            var session = await oidcService.CreateSessionForUserAsync(
                 userInfo,
                 connection.Account,
                 HttpContext,
-                deviceId ?? string.Empty);
+                deviceId ?? string.Empty,
+                null,
+                ClientPlatform.Web,
+                parentSession);
             
-            var redirectUrl = QueryHelpers.AddQueryString(redirectBaseUrl, "challenge", challenge.Id.ToString());
+            var token = auth.CreateToken(session);
+            var redirectUrl = QueryHelpers.AddQueryString(redirectBaseUrl, "token", token);
             logger.LogInformation("OIDC login successful for user {UserId}. Redirecting to {RedirectUrl}", connection.AccountId, redirectUrl);
             return Redirect(redirectUrl);
         }

DysonNetwork.Pass/Auth/OpenId/OidcController.cs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ public class OidcController(
     IServiceProvider serviceProvider,
     AppDatabase db,
     AccountService accounts,
+    AuthService auth,
     ICacheService cache,
     ILogger<OidcController> logger
 )
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ public class OidcController(
     /// Handles Apple authentication directly from mobile apps
     /// </summary>
     [HttpPost("apple/mobile")]
-    public async Task<ActionResult<SnAuthChallenge>> AppleMobileLogin(
+    public async Task<ActionResult<AuthController.TokenExchangeResponse>> AppleMobileLogin(
         [FromBody] AppleMobileSignInRequest request
     )
     {
@@ -98,16 +99,21 @@ public class OidcController(
             // Find or create user account using existing logic
             var account = await FindOrCreateAccount(userInfo, "apple");
 
+            if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentSession"] is not SnAuthSession parentSession) parentSession = null;
+            
             // Create session using the OIDC service
-            var challenge = await appleService.CreateChallengeForUserAsync(
+            var session = await appleService.CreateSessionForUserAsync(
                 userInfo,
                 account,
                 HttpContext,
                 request.DeviceId,
-                request.DeviceName
+                request.DeviceName,
+                ClientPlatform.Ios,
+                parentSession
             );
             
-            return Ok(challenge);
+            var token = auth.CreateToken(session);
+            return Ok(new AuthController.TokenExchangeResponse { Token = token });
         }
         catch (SecurityTokenValidationException ex)
         {

DysonNetwork.Pass/Auth/OpenId/OidcService.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-using System;
 using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
 using System.Security.Cryptography;
 using System.Text;
@@ -250,15 +249,17 @@ public abstract class OidcService(
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Creates a challenge and session for an authenticated user
+    /// Creates a session for an authenticated user
     /// Also creates or updates the account connection
     /// </summary>
-    public async Task<SnAuthChallenge> CreateChallengeForUserAsync(
+    public async Task<SnAuthSession> CreateSessionForUserAsync(
         OidcUserInfo userInfo,
         SnAccount account,
         HttpContext request,
         string deviceId,
-        string? deviceName = null
+        string? deviceName = null,
+        ClientPlatform platform = ClientPlatform.Web,
+        SnAuthSession? parentSession = null
     )
     {
         // Create or update the account connection
@@ -282,28 +283,24 @@ public abstract class OidcService(
             await Db.AccountConnections.AddAsync(connection);
         }
 
-        // Create a challenge that's already completed
+        // Create a session directly
         var now = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
-        var device = await auth.GetOrCreateDeviceAsync(account.Id, deviceId, deviceName, ClientPlatform.Ios);
-        var challenge = new SnAuthChallenge
-        {
-            ExpiredAt = now.Plus(Duration.FromHours(1)),
-            StepTotal = await auth.DetectChallengeRisk(request.Request, account),
-            Type = ChallengeType.Oidc,
-            Audiences = [ProviderName],
-            Scopes = ["*"],
-            AccountId = account.Id,
-            ClientId = device.Id,
-            IpAddress = request.Connection.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString() ?? null,
-            UserAgent = request.Request.Headers.UserAgent,
-        };
-        challenge.StepRemain--;
-        if (challenge.StepRemain < 0) challenge.StepRemain = 0;
+        var device = await auth.GetOrCreateDeviceAsync(account.Id, deviceId, deviceName, platform);
 
-        await Db.AuthChallenges.AddAsync(challenge);
+        var session = new SnAuthSession
+        {
+            AccountId = account.Id,
+            CreatedAt = now,
+            LastGrantedAt = now,
+            ParentSessionId = parentSession?.Id,
+            ClientId = device.Id,
+            ExpiredAt = now.Plus(Duration.FromDays(30))
+        };
+
+        await Db.AuthSessions.AddAsync(session);
         await Db.SaveChangesAsync();
 
-        return challenge;
+        return session;
     }
 }
 

DysonNetwork.Pass/Auth/TokenAuthService.cs

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ public class TokenAuthService(
                     "AuthenticateTokenAsync: success via cache (sessionId={SessionId}, accountId={AccountId}, scopes={ScopeCount}, expiresAt={ExpiresAt})",
                     sessionId,
                     session.AccountId,
-                    session.Challenge?.Scopes.Count,
+                    session.Scopes.Count,
                     session.ExpiredAt
                 );
                 return (true, session, null);
@@ -87,8 +87,7 @@ public class TokenAuthService(
 
             session = await db.AuthSessions
                 .AsNoTracking()
-                .Include(e => e.Challenge)
-                .ThenInclude(e => e.Client)
+                .Include(e => e.Client)
                 .Include(e => e.Account)
                 .ThenInclude(e => e.Profile)
                 .FirstOrDefaultAsync(s => s.Id == sessionId);
@@ -110,11 +109,11 @@ public class TokenAuthService(
                 "AuthenticateTokenAsync: DB session loaded (sessionId={SessionId}, accountId={AccountId}, clientId={ClientId}, appId={AppId}, scopes={ScopeCount}, ip={Ip}, uaLen={UaLen})",
                 sessionId,
                 session.AccountId,
-                session.Challenge?.ClientId,
+                session.ClientId,
                 session.AppId,
-                session.Challenge?.Scopes.Count,
-                session.Challenge?.IpAddress,
-                (session.Challenge?.UserAgent ?? string.Empty).Length
+                session.Scopes.Count,
+                session.IpAddress,
+                (session.UserAgent ?? string.Empty).Length
             );
 
             logger.LogDebug("AuthenticateTokenAsync: enriching account with subscription (accountId={AccountId})", session.AccountId);
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@ public class TokenAuthService(
                 "AuthenticateTokenAsync: success via DB (sessionId={SessionId}, accountId={AccountId}, clientId={ClientId})",
                 sessionId,
                 session.AccountId,
-                session.Challenge?.ClientId
+                session.ClientId
             );
             return (true, session, null);
         }

DysonNetwork.Pass/Handlers/ActionLogFlushHandler.cs

@@ -6,16 +6,17 @@ using Quartz;
 
 namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Handlers;
 
-public class ActionLogFlushHandler(IServiceProvider serviceProvider) : IFlushHandler<SnActionLog>
+public class ActionLogFlushHandler(IServiceProvider sp) : IFlushHandler<SnActionLog>
 {
     public async Task FlushAsync(IReadOnlyList<SnActionLog> items)
     {
-        using var scope = serviceProvider.CreateScope();
+        using var scope = sp.CreateScope();
         var db = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<AppDatabase>();
 
+        var now = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
         await db.BulkInsertAsync(items.Select(x =>
         {
-            x.CreatedAt = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
+            x.CreatedAt = now;
             x.UpdatedAt = x.CreatedAt;
             return x;
         }), config => config.ConflictOption = ConflictOption.Ignore);

DysonNetwork.Pass/Lotteries/LotteryController.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Wallet;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Permission;
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Auth;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ public class LotteryController(AppDatabase db, LotteryService lotteryService) :
 
     [HttpPost("draw")]
     [Authorize]
-    [RequiredPermission("maintenance", "lotteries.draw.perform")]
+    [AskPermission("lotteries.draw.perform")]
     public async Task<IActionResult> PerformLotteryDraw()
     {
         await lotteryService.DrawLotteries();

DysonNetwork.Pass/Migrations/20251129095046_DecoupleAuthSessionAndChallenge.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+using System;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;
+
+#nullable disable
+
+namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public partial class DecoupleAuthSessionAndChallenge : Migration
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropForeignKey(
+                name: "fk_auth_challenges_auth_clients_client_id",
+                table: "auth_challenges");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropIndex(
+                name: "ix_auth_challenges_client_id",
+                table: "auth_challenges");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "client_id",
+                table: "auth_challenges");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<Guid>(
+                name: "client_id",
+                table: "auth_sessions",
+                type: "uuid",
+                nullable: true);
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<Guid>(
+                name: "parent_session_id",
+                table: "auth_sessions",
+                type: "uuid",
+                nullable: true);
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<string>(
+                name: "device_id",
+                table: "auth_challenges",
+                type: "character varying(512)",
+                maxLength: 512,
+                nullable: false,
+                defaultValue: "");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<string>(
+                name: "device_name",
+                table: "auth_challenges",
+                type: "character varying(1024)",
+                maxLength: 1024,
+                nullable: true);
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<int>(
+                name: "platform",
+                table: "auth_challenges",
+                type: "integer",
+                nullable: false,
+                defaultValue: 0);
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "ix_auth_sessions_client_id",
+                table: "auth_sessions",
+                column: "client_id");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "ix_auth_sessions_parent_session_id",
+                table: "auth_sessions",
+                column: "parent_session_id");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddForeignKey(
+                name: "fk_auth_sessions_auth_clients_client_id",
+                table: "auth_sessions",
+                column: "client_id",
+                principalTable: "auth_clients",
+                principalColumn: "id");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddForeignKey(
+                name: "fk_auth_sessions_auth_sessions_parent_session_id",
+                table: "auth_sessions",
+                column: "parent_session_id",
+                principalTable: "auth_sessions",
+                principalColumn: "id");
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropForeignKey(
+                name: "fk_auth_sessions_auth_clients_client_id",
+                table: "auth_sessions");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropForeignKey(
+                name: "fk_auth_sessions_auth_sessions_parent_session_id",
+                table: "auth_sessions");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropIndex(
+                name: "ix_auth_sessions_client_id",
+                table: "auth_sessions");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropIndex(
+                name: "ix_auth_sessions_parent_session_id",
+                table: "auth_sessions");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "client_id",
+                table: "auth_sessions");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "parent_session_id",
+                table: "auth_sessions");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "device_id",
+                table: "auth_challenges");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "device_name",
+                table: "auth_challenges");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "platform",
+                table: "auth_challenges");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<Guid>(
+                name: "client_id",
+                table: "auth_challenges",
+                type: "uuid",
+                nullable: true);
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "ix_auth_challenges_client_id",
+                table: "auth_challenges",
+                column: "client_id");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddForeignKey(
+                name: "fk_auth_challenges_auth_clients_client_id",
+                table: "auth_challenges",
+                column: "client_id",
+                principalTable: "auth_clients",
+                principalColumn: "id");
+        }
+    }
+}

DysonNetwork.Pass/Migrations/20251201145617_AddAffiliationSpell.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;
+using NodaTime;
+
+#nullable disable
+
+namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public partial class AddAffiliationSpell : Migration
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
+                name: "affiliation_spells",
+                columns: table => new
+                {
+                    id = table.Column<Guid>(type: "uuid", nullable: false),
+                    spell = table.Column<string>(type: "character varying(1024)", maxLength: 1024, nullable: false),
+                    type = table.Column<int>(type: "integer", nullable: false),
+                    expires_at = table.Column<Instant>(type: "timestamp with time zone", nullable: true),
+                    affected_at = table.Column<Instant>(type: "timestamp with time zone", nullable: true),
+                    meta = table.Column<Dictionary<string, object>>(type: "jsonb", nullable: false),
+                    account_id = table.Column<Guid>(type: "uuid", nullable: true),
+                    created_at = table.Column<Instant>(type: "timestamp with time zone", nullable: false),
+                    updated_at = table.Column<Instant>(type: "timestamp with time zone", nullable: false),
+                    deleted_at = table.Column<Instant>(type: "timestamp with time zone", nullable: true)
+                },
+                constraints: table =>
+                {
+                    table.PrimaryKey("pk_affiliation_spells", x => x.id);
+                    table.ForeignKey(
+                        name: "fk_affiliation_spells_accounts_account_id",
+                        column: x => x.account_id,
+                        principalTable: "accounts",
+                        principalColumn: "id");
+                });
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
+                name: "affiliation_results",
+                columns: table => new
+                {
+                    id = table.Column<Guid>(type: "uuid", nullable: false),
+                    resource_identifier = table.Column<string>(type: "character varying(8192)", maxLength: 8192, nullable: false),
+                    spell_id = table.Column<Guid>(type: "uuid", nullable: false),
+                    created_at = table.Column<Instant>(type: "timestamp with time zone", nullable: false),
+                    updated_at = table.Column<Instant>(type: "timestamp with time zone", nullable: false),
+                    deleted_at = table.Column<Instant>(type: "timestamp with time zone", nullable: true)
+                },
+                constraints: table =>
+                {
+                    table.PrimaryKey("pk_affiliation_results", x => x.id);
+                    table.ForeignKey(
+                        name: "fk_affiliation_results_affiliation_spells_spell_id",
+                        column: x => x.spell_id,
+                        principalTable: "affiliation_spells",
+                        principalColumn: "id",
+                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
+                });
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "ix_affiliation_results_spell_id",
+                table: "affiliation_results",
+                column: "spell_id");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "ix_affiliation_spells_account_id",
+                table: "affiliation_spells",
+                column: "account_id");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "ix_affiliation_spells_spell",
+                table: "affiliation_spells",
+                column: "spell",
+                unique: true);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
+                name: "affiliation_results");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
+                name: "affiliation_spells");
+        }
+    }
+}

DysonNetwork.Pass/Migrations/20251202134035_SimplifiedPermissionNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;
+
+#nullable disable
+
+namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public partial class SimplifiedPermissionNode : Migration
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropIndex(
+                name: "ix_permission_nodes_key_area_actor",
+                table: "permission_nodes");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "area",
+                table: "permission_nodes");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<int>(
+                name: "type",
+                table: "permission_nodes",
+                type: "integer",
+                nullable: false,
+                defaultValue: 0);
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "ix_permission_nodes_key_actor",
+                table: "permission_nodes",
+                columns: new[] { "key", "actor" });
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropIndex(
+                name: "ix_permission_nodes_key_actor",
+                table: "permission_nodes");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "type",
+                table: "permission_nodes");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<string>(
+                name: "area",
+                table: "permission_nodes",
+                type: "character varying(1024)",
+                maxLength: 1024,
+                nullable: false,
+                defaultValue: "");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "ix_permission_nodes_key_area_actor",
+                table: "permission_nodes",
+                columns: new[] { "key", "area", "actor" });
+        }
+    }
+}

DysonNetwork.Pass/Migrations/20251202160759_SimplifiedAuthSession.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;
+
+#nullable disable
+
+namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public partial class SimplifiedAuthSession : Migration
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropForeignKey(
+                name: "fk_auth_sessions_auth_challenges_challenge_id",
+                table: "auth_sessions");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropIndex(
+                name: "ix_auth_sessions_challenge_id",
+                table: "auth_sessions");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "type",
+                table: "auth_challenges");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<List<string>>(
+                name: "audiences",
+                table: "auth_sessions",
+                type: "jsonb",
+                nullable: false,
+                defaultValue: new List<string>());
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<string>(
+                name: "ip_address",
+                table: "auth_sessions",
+                type: "character varying(128)",
+                maxLength: 128,
+                nullable: true);
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<List<string>>(
+                name: "scopes",
+                table: "auth_sessions",
+                type: "jsonb",
+                nullable: false,
+                defaultValue: new List<string>());
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<int>(
+                name: "type",
+                table: "auth_sessions",
+                type: "integer",
+                nullable: false,
+                defaultValue: 0);
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<string>(
+                name: "user_agent",
+                table: "auth_sessions",
+                type: "character varying(512)",
+                maxLength: 512,
+                nullable: true);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "audiences",
+                table: "auth_sessions");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "ip_address",
+                table: "auth_sessions");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "scopes",
+                table: "auth_sessions");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "type",
+                table: "auth_sessions");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "user_agent",
+                table: "auth_sessions");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<int>(
+                name: "type",
+                table: "auth_challenges",
+                type: "integer",
+                nullable: false,
+                defaultValue: 0);
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "ix_auth_sessions_challenge_id",
+                table: "auth_sessions",
+                column: "challenge_id");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddForeignKey(
+                name: "fk_auth_sessions_auth_challenges_challenge_id",
+                table: "auth_sessions",
+                column: "challenge_id",
+                principalTable: "auth_challenges",
+                principalColumn: "id");
+        }
+    }
+}

DysonNetwork.Pass/Migrations/20251203163459_AddLocationToSession.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.GeoIp;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;
+
+#nullable disable
+
+namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public partial class AddLocationToSession : Migration
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<GeoPoint>(
+                name: "location",
+                table: "auth_sessions",
+                type: "jsonb",
+                nullable: true);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "location",
+                table: "auth_sessions");
+        }
+    }
+}

DysonNetwork.Pass/Migrations/AppDatabaseModelSnapshot.cs

@@ -712,6 +712,103 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
                     b.ToTable("action_logs", (string)null);
                 });
 
+            modelBuilder.Entity("DysonNetwork.Shared.Models.SnAffiliationResult", b =>
+                {
+                    b.Property<Guid>("Id")
+                        .ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
+                        .HasColumnType("uuid")
+                        .HasColumnName("id");
+
+                    b.Property<Instant>("CreatedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
+                        .HasColumnName("created_at");
+
+                    b.Property<Instant?>("DeletedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
+                        .HasColumnName("deleted_at");
+
+                    b.Property<string>("ResourceIdentifier")
+                        .IsRequired()
+                        .HasMaxLength(8192)
+                        .HasColumnType("character varying(8192)")
+                        .HasColumnName("resource_identifier");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid>("SpellId")
+                        .HasColumnType("uuid")
+                        .HasColumnName("spell_id");
+
+                    b.Property<Instant>("UpdatedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
+                        .HasColumnName("updated_at");
+
+                    b.HasKey("Id")
+                        .HasName("pk_affiliation_results");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("SpellId")
+                        .HasDatabaseName("ix_affiliation_results_spell_id");
+
+                    b.ToTable("affiliation_results", (string)null);
+                });
+
+            modelBuilder.Entity("DysonNetwork.Shared.Models.SnAffiliationSpell", b =>
+                {
+                    b.Property<Guid>("Id")
+                        .ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
+                        .HasColumnType("uuid")
+                        .HasColumnName("id");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid?>("AccountId")
+                        .HasColumnType("uuid")
+                        .HasColumnName("account_id");
+
+                    b.Property<Instant?>("AffectedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
+                        .HasColumnName("affected_at");
+
+                    b.Property<Instant>("CreatedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
+                        .HasColumnName("created_at");
+
+                    b.Property<Instant?>("DeletedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
+                        .HasColumnName("deleted_at");
+
+                    b.Property<Instant?>("ExpiresAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
+                        .HasColumnName("expires_at");
+
+                    b.Property<Dictionary<string, object>>("Meta")
+                        .IsRequired()
+                        .HasColumnType("jsonb")
+                        .HasColumnName("meta");
+
+                    b.Property<string>("Spell")
+                        .IsRequired()
+                        .HasMaxLength(1024)
+                        .HasColumnType("character varying(1024)")
+                        .HasColumnName("spell");
+
+                    b.Property<int>("Type")
+                        .HasColumnType("integer")
+                        .HasColumnName("type");
+
+                    b.Property<Instant>("UpdatedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
+                        .HasColumnName("updated_at");
+
+                    b.HasKey("Id")
+                        .HasName("pk_affiliation_spells");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("AccountId")
+                        .HasDatabaseName("ix_affiliation_spells_account_id");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("Spell")
+                        .IsUnique()
+                        .HasDatabaseName("ix_affiliation_spells_spell");
+
+                    b.ToTable("affiliation_spells", (string)null);
+                });
+
             modelBuilder.Entity("DysonNetwork.Shared.Models.SnApiKey", b =>
                 {
                     b.Property<Guid>("Id")
@@ -778,10 +875,6 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
                         .HasColumnType("jsonb")
                         .HasColumnName("blacklist_factors");
 
-                    b.Property<Guid?>("ClientId")
-                        .HasColumnType("uuid")
-                        .HasColumnName("client_id");
-
                     b.Property<Instant>("CreatedAt")
                         .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
                         .HasColumnName("created_at");
@@ -790,6 +883,17 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
                         .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
                         .HasColumnName("deleted_at");
 
+                    b.Property<string>("DeviceId")
+                        .IsRequired()
+                        .HasMaxLength(512)
+                        .HasColumnType("character varying(512)")
+                        .HasColumnName("device_id");
+
+                    b.Property<string>("DeviceName")
+                        .HasMaxLength(1024)
+                        .HasColumnType("character varying(1024)")
+                        .HasColumnName("device_name");
+
                     b.Property<Instant?>("ExpiredAt")
                         .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
                         .HasColumnName("expired_at");
@@ -812,6 +916,10 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
                         .HasColumnType("character varying(1024)")
                         .HasColumnName("nonce");
 
+                    b.Property<int>("Platform")
+                        .HasColumnType("integer")
+                        .HasColumnName("platform");
+
                     b.Property<List<string>>("Scopes")
                         .IsRequired()
                         .HasColumnType("jsonb")
@@ -825,10 +933,6 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
                         .HasColumnType("integer")
                         .HasColumnName("step_total");
 
-                    b.Property<int>("Type")
-                        .HasColumnType("integer")
-                        .HasColumnName("type");
-
                     b.Property<Instant>("UpdatedAt")
                         .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
                         .HasColumnName("updated_at");
@@ -844,9 +948,6 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
                     b.HasIndex("AccountId")
                         .HasDatabaseName("ix_auth_challenges_account_id");
 
-                    b.HasIndex("ClientId")
-                        .HasDatabaseName("ix_auth_challenges_client_id");
-
                     b.ToTable("auth_challenges", (string)null);
                 });
 
@@ -918,10 +1019,19 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
                         .HasColumnType("uuid")
                         .HasColumnName("app_id");
 
+                    b.Property<List<string>>("Audiences")
+                        .IsRequired()
+                        .HasColumnType("jsonb")
+                        .HasColumnName("audiences");
+
                     b.Property<Guid?>("ChallengeId")
                         .HasColumnType("uuid")
                         .HasColumnName("challenge_id");
 
+                    b.Property<Guid?>("ClientId")
+                        .HasColumnType("uuid")
+                        .HasColumnName("client_id");
+
                     b.Property<Instant>("CreatedAt")
                         .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
                         .HasColumnName("created_at");
@@ -934,22 +1044,52 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
                         .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
                         .HasColumnName("expired_at");
 
+                    b.Property<string>("IpAddress")
+                        .HasMaxLength(128)
+                        .HasColumnType("character varying(128)")
+                        .HasColumnName("ip_address");
+
                     b.Property<Instant?>("LastGrantedAt")
                         .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
                         .HasColumnName("last_granted_at");
 
+                    b.Property<GeoPoint>("Location")
+                        .HasColumnType("jsonb")
+                        .HasColumnName("location");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid?>("ParentSessionId")
+                        .HasColumnType("uuid")
+                        .HasColumnName("parent_session_id");
+
+                    b.Property<List<string>>("Scopes")
+                        .IsRequired()
+                        .HasColumnType("jsonb")
+                        .HasColumnName("scopes");
+
+                    b.Property<int>("Type")
+                        .HasColumnType("integer")
+                        .HasColumnName("type");
+
                     b.Property<Instant>("UpdatedAt")
                         .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
                         .HasColumnName("updated_at");
 
+                    b.Property<string>("UserAgent")
+                        .HasMaxLength(512)
+                        .HasColumnType("character varying(512)")
+                        .HasColumnName("user_agent");
+
                     b.HasKey("Id")
                         .HasName("pk_auth_sessions");
 
                     b.HasIndex("AccountId")
                         .HasDatabaseName("ix_auth_sessions_account_id");
 
-                    b.HasIndex("ChallengeId")
-                        .HasDatabaseName("ix_auth_sessions_challenge_id");
+                    b.HasIndex("ClientId")
+                        .HasDatabaseName("ix_auth_sessions_client_id");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("ParentSessionId")
+                        .HasDatabaseName("ix_auth_sessions_parent_session_id");
 
                     b.ToTable("auth_sessions", (string)null);
                 });
@@ -1314,12 +1454,6 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
                         .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
                         .HasColumnName("affected_at");
 
-                    b.Property<string>("Area")
-                        .IsRequired()
-                        .HasMaxLength(1024)
-                        .HasColumnType("character varying(1024)")
-                        .HasColumnName("area");
-
                     b.Property<Instant>("CreatedAt")
                         .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
                         .HasColumnName("created_at");
@@ -1342,6 +1476,10 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
                         .HasColumnType("character varying(1024)")
                         .HasColumnName("key");
 
+                    b.Property<int>("Type")
+                        .HasColumnType("integer")
+                        .HasColumnName("type");
+
                     b.Property<Instant>("UpdatedAt")
                         .HasColumnType("timestamp with time zone")
                         .HasColumnName("updated_at");
@@ -1357,8 +1495,8 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
                     b.HasIndex("GroupId")
                         .HasDatabaseName("ix_permission_nodes_group_id");
 
-                    b.HasIndex("Key", "Area", "Actor")
-                        .HasDatabaseName("ix_permission_nodes_key_area_actor");
+                    b.HasIndex("Key", "Actor")
+                        .HasDatabaseName("ix_permission_nodes_key_actor");
 
                     b.ToTable("permission_nodes", (string)null);
                 });
@@ -2344,6 +2482,28 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
                     b.Navigation("Account");
                 });
 
+            modelBuilder.Entity("DysonNetwork.Shared.Models.SnAffiliationResult", b =>
+                {
+                    b.HasOne("DysonNetwork.Shared.Models.SnAffiliationSpell", "Spell")
+                        .WithMany()
+                        .HasForeignKey("SpellId")
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
+                        .IsRequired()
+                        .HasConstraintName("fk_affiliation_results_affiliation_spells_spell_id");
+
+                    b.Navigation("Spell");
+                });
+
+            modelBuilder.Entity("DysonNetwork.Shared.Models.SnAffiliationSpell", b =>
+                {
+                    b.HasOne("DysonNetwork.Shared.Models.SnAccount", "Account")
+                        .WithMany()
+                        .HasForeignKey("AccountId")
+                        .HasConstraintName("fk_affiliation_spells_accounts_account_id");
+
+                    b.Navigation("Account");
+                });
+
             modelBuilder.Entity("DysonNetwork.Shared.Models.SnApiKey", b =>
                 {
                     b.HasOne("DysonNetwork.Shared.Models.SnAccount", "Account")
@@ -2374,14 +2534,7 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
                         .IsRequired()
                         .HasConstraintName("fk_auth_challenges_accounts_account_id");
 
-                    b.HasOne("DysonNetwork.Shared.Models.SnAuthClient", "Client")
-                        .WithMany()
-                        .HasForeignKey("ClientId")
-                        .HasConstraintName("fk_auth_challenges_auth_clients_client_id");
-
                     b.Navigation("Account");
-
-                    b.Navigation("Client");
                 });
 
             modelBuilder.Entity("DysonNetwork.Shared.Models.SnAuthClient", b =>
@@ -2405,14 +2558,21 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Migrations
                         .IsRequired()
                         .HasConstraintName("fk_auth_sessions_accounts_account_id");
 
-                    b.HasOne("DysonNetwork.Shared.Models.SnAuthChallenge", "Challenge")
+                    b.HasOne("DysonNetwork.Shared.Models.SnAuthClient", "Client")
                         .WithMany()
-                        .HasForeignKey("ChallengeId")
-                        .HasConstraintName("fk_auth_sessions_auth_challenges_challenge_id");
+                        .HasForeignKey("ClientId")
+                        .HasConstraintName("fk_auth_sessions_auth_clients_client_id");
+
+                    b.HasOne("DysonNetwork.Shared.Models.SnAuthSession", "ParentSession")
+                        .WithMany()
+                        .HasForeignKey("ParentSessionId")
+                        .HasConstraintName("fk_auth_sessions_auth_sessions_parent_session_id");
 
                     b.Navigation("Account");
 
-                    b.Navigation("Challenge");
+                    b.Navigation("Client");
+
+                    b.Navigation("ParentSession");
                 });
 
             modelBuilder.Entity("DysonNetwork.Shared.Models.SnCheckInResult", b =>

DysonNetwork.Pass/Permission/LocalPermissionMiddleware.cs

@@ -1,17 +1,12 @@
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Auth;
+
 namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Permission;
 
 using System;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
-using DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
+using Shared.Models;
 
-[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)]
-public class RequiredPermissionAttribute(string area, string key) : Attribute
-{
-    public string Area { get; set; } = area;
-    public string Key { get; } = key;
-}
-
-public class PermissionMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILogger<PermissionMiddleware> logger)
+public class LocalPermissionMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILogger<LocalPermissionMiddleware> logger)
 {
     private const string ForbiddenMessage = "Insufficient permissions";
     private const string UnauthorizedMessage = "Authentication required";
@@ -21,15 +16,15 @@ public class PermissionMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILogger<PermissionMiddle
         var endpoint = httpContext.GetEndpoint();
 
         var attr = endpoint?.Metadata
-            .OfType<RequiredPermissionAttribute>()
+            .OfType<AskPermissionAttribute>()
             .FirstOrDefault();
 
         if (attr != null)
         {
             // Validate permission attributes
-            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(attr.Area) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(attr.Key))
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(attr.Key))
             {
-                logger.LogWarning("Invalid permission attribute: Area='{Area}', Key='{Key}'", attr.Area, attr.Key);
+                logger.LogWarning("Invalid permission attribute: Key='{Key}'", attr.Key);
                 httpContext.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError;
                 await httpContext.Response.WriteAsync("Server configuration error");
                 return;
@@ -37,7 +32,7 @@ public class PermissionMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILogger<PermissionMiddle
 
             if (httpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not SnAccount currentUser)
             {
-                logger.LogWarning("Permission check failed: No authenticated user for {Area}/{Key}", attr.Area, attr.Key);
+                logger.LogWarning("Permission check failed: No authenticated user for {Key}", attr.Key);
                 httpContext.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status401Unauthorized;
                 await httpContext.Response.WriteAsync(UnauthorizedMessage);
                 return;
@@ -46,33 +41,29 @@ public class PermissionMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILogger<PermissionMiddle
             if (currentUser.IsSuperuser)
             {
                 // Bypass the permission check for performance
-                logger.LogDebug("Superuser {UserId} bypassing permission check for {Area}/{Key}",
-                    currentUser.Id, attr.Area, attr.Key);
+                logger.LogDebug("Superuser {UserId} bypassing permission check for {Key}", currentUser.Id, attr.Key);
                 await next(httpContext);
                 return;
             }
 
-            var actor = $"user:{currentUser.Id}";
+            var actor = currentUser.Id.ToString();
             try
             {
-                var permNode = await pm.GetPermissionAsync<bool>(actor, attr.Area, attr.Key);
+                var permNode = await pm.GetPermissionAsync<bool>(actor, attr.Key);
 
                 if (!permNode)
                 {
-                    logger.LogWarning("Permission denied for user {UserId}: {Area}/{Key}",
-                        currentUser.Id, attr.Area, attr.Key);
+                    logger.LogWarning("Permission denied for user {UserId}: {Key}", currentUser.Id, attr.Key);
                     httpContext.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status403Forbidden;
                     await httpContext.Response.WriteAsync(ForbiddenMessage);
                     return;
                 }
 
-                logger.LogDebug("Permission granted for user {UserId}: {Area}/{Key}",
-                    currentUser.Id, attr.Area, attr.Key);
+                logger.LogDebug("Permission granted for user {UserId}: {Key}", currentUser.Id, attr.Key);
             }
             catch (Exception ex)
             {
-                logger.LogError(ex, "Error checking permission for user {UserId}: {Area}/{Key}",
-                    currentUser.Id, attr.Area, attr.Key);
+                logger.LogError(ex, "Error checking permission for user {UserId}: {Key}", currentUser.Id, attr.Key);
                 httpContext.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError;
                 await httpContext.Response.WriteAsync("Permission check failed");
                 return;

DysonNetwork.Pass/Permission/PermissionService.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
 using NodaTime;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Cache;
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Data;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
 
 namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Permission;
@@ -28,8 +29,8 @@ public class PermissionService(
     private const string PermissionGroupCacheKeyPrefix = "perm-cg:";
     private const string PermissionGroupPrefix = "perm-g:";
 
-    private static string GetPermissionCacheKey(string actor, string area, string key) =>
-        PermissionCacheKeyPrefix + actor + ":" + area + ":" + key;
+    private static string GetPermissionCacheKey(string actor, string key) =>
+        PermissionCacheKeyPrefix + actor + ":" + key;
 
     private static string GetGroupsCacheKey(string actor) =>
         PermissionGroupCacheKeyPrefix + actor;
@@ -37,50 +38,56 @@ public class PermissionService(
     private static string GetPermissionGroupKey(string actor) =>
         PermissionGroupPrefix + actor;
 
-    public async Task<bool> HasPermissionAsync(string actor, string area, string key)
+    public async Task<bool> HasPermissionAsync(
+        string actor,
+        string key,
+        PermissionNodeActorType type = PermissionNodeActorType.Account
+    )
     {
-        var value = await GetPermissionAsync<bool>(actor, area, key);
+        var value = await GetPermissionAsync<bool>(actor, key, type);
         return value;
     }
 
-    public async Task<T?> GetPermissionAsync<T>(string actor, string area, string key)
+    public async Task<T?> GetPermissionAsync<T>(
+        string actor,
+        string key,
+        PermissionNodeActorType type = PermissionNodeActorType.Account
+    )
     {
         // Input validation
         if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(actor))
             throw new ArgumentException("Actor cannot be null or empty", nameof(actor));
-        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(area))
-            throw new ArgumentException("Area cannot be null or empty", nameof(area));
         if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key))
             throw new ArgumentException("Key cannot be null or empty", nameof(key));
 
-        var cacheKey = GetPermissionCacheKey(actor, area, key);
+        var cacheKey = GetPermissionCacheKey(actor, key);
 
         try
         {
             var (hit, cachedValue) = await cache.GetAsyncWithStatus<T>(cacheKey);
             if (hit)
             {
-                logger.LogDebug("Permission cache hit for {Actor}:{Area}:{Key}", actor, area, key);
+                logger.LogDebug("Permission cache hit for {Type}:{Actor}:{Key}", type, actor, key);
                 return cachedValue;
             }
 
             var now = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
             var groupsId = await GetOrCacheUserGroupsAsync(actor, now);
 
-            var permission = await FindPermissionNodeAsync(actor, area, key, groupsId, now);
+            var permission = await FindPermissionNodeAsync(type, actor, key, groupsId);
             var result = permission != null ? DeserializePermissionValue<T>(permission.Value) : default;
 
             await cache.SetWithGroupsAsync(cacheKey, result,
                 [GetPermissionGroupKey(actor)],
                 _options.CacheExpiration);
 
-            logger.LogDebug("Permission resolved for {Actor}:{Area}:{Key} = {Result}",
-                actor, area, key, result != null);
+            logger.LogDebug("Permission resolved for {Type}:{Actor}:{Key} = {Result}", type, actor, key,
+                result != null);
             return result;
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
-            logger.LogError(ex, "Error retrieving permission for {Actor}:{Area}:{Key}", actor, area, key);
+            logger.LogError(ex, "Error retrieving permission for {Type}:{Actor}:{Key}", type, actor, key);
             throw;
         }
     }
@@ -109,33 +116,34 @@ public class PermissionService(
         return groupsId;
     }
 
-    private async Task<SnPermissionNode?> FindPermissionNodeAsync(string actor, string area, string key,
-        List<Guid> groupsId, Instant now)
+    private async Task<SnPermissionNode?> FindPermissionNodeAsync(
+        PermissionNodeActorType type,
+        string actor,
+        string key,
+        List<Guid> groupsId
+    )
     {
+        var now = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
         // First try exact match (highest priority)
         var exactMatch = await db.PermissionNodes
-            .Where(n => (n.GroupId == null && n.Actor == actor) ||
+            .Where(n => (n.GroupId == null && n.Actor == actor && n.Type == type) ||
                         (n.GroupId != null && groupsId.Contains(n.GroupId.Value)))
-            .Where(n => n.Key == key && n.Area == area)
+            .Where(n => n.Key == key)
             .Where(n => n.ExpiredAt == null || n.ExpiredAt > now)
             .Where(n => n.AffectedAt == null || n.AffectedAt <= now)
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
 
         if (exactMatch != null)
-        {
             return exactMatch;
-        }
 
         // If no exact match and wildcards are enabled, try wildcard matches
         if (!_options.EnableWildcardMatching)
-        {
             return null;
-        }
 
         var wildcardMatches = await db.PermissionNodes
-            .Where(n => (n.GroupId == null && n.Actor == actor) ||
+            .Where(n => (n.GroupId == null && n.Actor == actor && n.Type == type) ||
                         (n.GroupId != null && groupsId.Contains(n.GroupId.Value)))
-            .Where(n => (n.Key.Contains("*") || n.Area.Contains("*")))
+            .Where(n => EF.Functions.Like(n.Key, "%*%"))
             .Where(n => n.ExpiredAt == null || n.ExpiredAt > now)
             .Where(n => n.AffectedAt == null || n.AffectedAt <= now)
             .Take(_options.MaxWildcardMatches)
@@ -147,36 +155,21 @@ public class PermissionService(
 
         foreach (var node in wildcardMatches)
         {
-            var score = CalculateWildcardMatchScore(node.Area, node.Key, area, key);
-            if (score > bestMatchScore)
-            {
+            var score = CalculateWildcardMatchScore(node.Key, key);
+            if (score <= bestMatchScore) continue;
             bestMatch = node;
             bestMatchScore = score;
         }
-        }
 
         if (bestMatch != null)
-        {
-            logger.LogDebug("Found wildcard permission match: {NodeArea}:{NodeKey} for {Area}:{Key}",
-                bestMatch.Area, bestMatch.Key, area, key);
-        }
+            logger.LogDebug("Found wildcard permission match: {NodeKey} for {Key}", bestMatch.Key, key);
 
         return bestMatch;
     }
 
-    private static int CalculateWildcardMatchScore(string nodeArea, string nodeKey, string targetArea, string targetKey)
+    private static int CalculateWildcardMatchScore(string nodeKey, string targetKey)
     {
-        // Calculate how well the wildcard pattern matches
-        // Higher score = better match
-        var areaScore = CalculatePatternMatchScore(nodeArea, targetArea);
-        var keyScore = CalculatePatternMatchScore(nodeKey, targetKey);
-
-        // Perfect match gets highest score
-        if (areaScore == int.MaxValue && keyScore == int.MaxValue)
-            return int.MaxValue;
-
-        // Prefer area matches over key matches, more specific patterns over general ones
-        return (areaScore * 1000) + keyScore;
+        return CalculatePatternMatchScore(nodeKey, targetKey);
     }
 
     private static int CalculatePatternMatchScore(string pattern, string target)
@@ -184,31 +177,30 @@ public class PermissionService(
         if (pattern == target)
             return int.MaxValue; // Exact match
 
-        if (!pattern.Contains("*"))
+        if (!pattern.Contains('*'))
             return -1; // No wildcard, not a match
 
         // Simple wildcard matching: * matches any sequence of characters
         var regexPattern = "^" + System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.Escape(pattern).Replace("\\*", ".*") + "$";
-        var regex = new System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex(regexPattern, System.Text.RegularExpressions.RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
+        var regex = new System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex(regexPattern,
+            System.Text.RegularExpressions.RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
+
+        if (!regex.IsMatch(target)) return -1; // No match
 
-        if (regex.IsMatch(target))
-        {
         // Score based on specificity (shorter patterns are less specific)
         var wildcardCount = pattern.Count(c => c == '*');
         var length = pattern.Length;
-            return Math.Max(1, 1000 - (wildcardCount * 100) - length);
-        }
 
-        return -1; // No match
+        return Math.Max(1, 1000 - wildcardCount * 100 - length);
     }
 
     public async Task<SnPermissionNode> AddPermissionNode<T>(
         string actor,
-        string area,
         string key,
         T value,
         Instant? expiredAt = null,
-        Instant? affectedAt = null
+        Instant? affectedAt = null,
+        PermissionNodeActorType type = PermissionNodeActorType.Account
     )
     {
         if (value is null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
@@ -216,8 +208,8 @@ public class PermissionService(
         var node = new SnPermissionNode
         {
             Actor = actor,
+            Type = type,
             Key = key,
-            Area = area,
             Value = SerializePermissionValue(value),
             ExpiredAt = expiredAt,
             AffectedAt = affectedAt
@@ -227,7 +219,7 @@ public class PermissionService(
         await db.SaveChangesAsync();
 
         // Invalidate related caches
-        await InvalidatePermissionCacheAsync(actor, area, key);
+        await InvalidatePermissionCacheAsync(actor, key);
 
         return node;
     }
@@ -235,11 +227,11 @@ public class PermissionService(
     public async Task<SnPermissionNode> AddPermissionNodeToGroup<T>(
         SnPermissionGroup group,
         string actor,
-        string area,
         string key,
         T value,
         Instant? expiredAt = null,
-        Instant? affectedAt = null
+        Instant? affectedAt = null,
+        PermissionNodeActorType type = PermissionNodeActorType.Account
     )
     {
         if (value is null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
@@ -247,8 +239,8 @@ public class PermissionService(
         var node = new SnPermissionNode
         {
             Actor = actor,
+            Type = type,
             Key = key,
-            Area = area,
             Value = SerializePermissionValue(value),
             ExpiredAt = expiredAt,
             AffectedAt = affectedAt,
@@ -260,44 +252,45 @@ public class PermissionService(
         await db.SaveChangesAsync();
 
         // Invalidate related caches
-        await InvalidatePermissionCacheAsync(actor, area, key);
+        await InvalidatePermissionCacheAsync(actor, key);
         await cache.RemoveAsync(GetGroupsCacheKey(actor));
         await cache.RemoveGroupAsync(GetPermissionGroupKey(actor));
 
         return node;
     }
 
-    public async Task RemovePermissionNode(string actor, string area, string key)
+    public async Task RemovePermissionNode(string actor, string key, PermissionNodeActorType? type)
     {
         var node = await db.PermissionNodes
-            .Where(n => n.Actor == actor && n.Area == area && n.Key == key)
+            .Where(n => n.Actor == actor && n.Key == key)
+            .If(type is not null, q => q.Where(n => n.Type == type))
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
         if (node is not null) db.PermissionNodes.Remove(node);
         await db.SaveChangesAsync();
 
         // Invalidate cache
-        await InvalidatePermissionCacheAsync(actor, area, key);
+        await InvalidatePermissionCacheAsync(actor, key);
     }
 
-    public async Task RemovePermissionNodeFromGroup<T>(SnPermissionGroup group, string actor, string area, string key)
+    public async Task RemovePermissionNodeFromGroup<T>(SnPermissionGroup group, string actor, string key)
     {
         var node = await db.PermissionNodes
             .Where(n => n.GroupId == group.Id)
-            .Where(n => n.Actor == actor && n.Area == area && n.Key == key)
+            .Where(n => n.Actor == actor && n.Key == key && n.Type == PermissionNodeActorType.Group)
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
         if (node is null) return;
         db.PermissionNodes.Remove(node);
         await db.SaveChangesAsync();
 
         // Invalidate caches
-        await InvalidatePermissionCacheAsync(actor, area, key);
+        await InvalidatePermissionCacheAsync(actor, key);
         await cache.RemoveAsync(GetGroupsCacheKey(actor));
         await cache.RemoveGroupAsync(GetPermissionGroupKey(actor));
     }
 
-    private async Task InvalidatePermissionCacheAsync(string actor, string area, string key)
+    private async Task InvalidatePermissionCacheAsync(string actor, string key)
     {
-        var cacheKey = GetPermissionCacheKey(actor, area, key);
+        var cacheKey = GetPermissionCacheKey(actor, key);
         await cache.RemoveAsync(cacheKey);
     }
 
@@ -312,12 +305,11 @@ public class PermissionService(
         return JsonDocument.Parse(str);
     }
 
-    public static SnPermissionNode NewPermissionNode<T>(string actor, string area, string key, T value)
+    public static SnPermissionNode NewPermissionNode<T>(string actor, string key, T value)
     {
         return new SnPermissionNode
         {
             Actor = actor,
-            Area = area,
             Key = key,
             Value = SerializePermissionValue(value),
         };
@@ -341,8 +333,7 @@ public class PermissionService(
                             (n.GroupId != null && groupsId.Contains(n.GroupId.Value)))
                 .Where(n => n.ExpiredAt == null || n.ExpiredAt > now)
                 .Where(n => n.AffectedAt == null || n.AffectedAt <= now)
-                .OrderBy(n => n.Area)
-                .ThenBy(n => n.Key)
+                .OrderBy(n => n.Key)
                 .ToListAsync();
 
             logger.LogDebug("Listed {Count} effective permissions for actor {Actor}", permissions.Count, actor);
@@ -370,8 +361,7 @@ public class PermissionService(
                 .Where(n => n.GroupId == null && n.Actor == actor)
                 .Where(n => n.ExpiredAt == null || n.ExpiredAt > now)
                 .Where(n => n.AffectedAt == null || n.AffectedAt <= now)
-                .OrderBy(n => n.Area)
-                .ThenBy(n => n.Key)
+                .OrderBy(n => n.Key)
                 .ToListAsync();
 
             logger.LogDebug("Listed {Count} direct permissions for actor {Actor}", permissions.Count, actor);

DysonNetwork.Pass/Permission/PermissionServiceGrpc.cs

@@ -9,31 +9,33 @@ using NodaTime.Serialization.Protobuf;
 namespace DysonNetwork.Pass.Permission;
 
 public class PermissionServiceGrpc(
-    PermissionService permissionService,
+    PermissionService psv,
     AppDatabase db,
     ILogger<PermissionServiceGrpc> logger
 ) : DysonNetwork.Shared.Proto.PermissionService.PermissionServiceBase
 {
     public override async Task<HasPermissionResponse> HasPermission(HasPermissionRequest request, ServerCallContext context)
     {
+        var type = SnPermissionNode.ConvertProtoActorType(request.Type);
         try
         {
-            var hasPermission = await permissionService.HasPermissionAsync(request.Actor, request.Area, request.Key);
+            var hasPermission = await psv.HasPermissionAsync(request.Actor, request.Key, type);
             return new HasPermissionResponse { HasPermission = hasPermission };
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
-            logger.LogError(ex, "Error checking permission for actor {Actor}, area {Area}, key {Key}",
-                request.Actor, request.Area, request.Key);
+            logger.LogError(ex, "Error checking permission for {Type}:{Area}:{Key}",
+                type, request.Actor, request.Key);
             throw new RpcException(new Status(StatusCode.Internal, "Permission check failed"));
         }
     }
 
     public override async Task<GetPermissionResponse> GetPermission(GetPermissionRequest request, ServerCallContext context)
     {
+        var type = SnPermissionNode.ConvertProtoActorType(request.Type);
         try
         {
-            var permissionValue = await permissionService.GetPermissionAsync<JsonDocument>(request.Actor, request.Area, request.Key);
+            var permissionValue = await psv.GetPermissionAsync<JsonDocument>(request.Actor, request.Key, type);
             return new GetPermissionResponse
             {
                 Value = permissionValue != null ? Value.Parser.ParseJson(permissionValue.RootElement.GetRawText()) : null
@@ -41,14 +43,15 @@ public class PermissionServiceGrpc(
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
-            logger.LogError(ex, "Error getting permission for actor {Actor}, area {Area}, key {Key}",
-                request.Actor, request.Area, request.Key);
+            logger.LogError(ex, "Error getting permission for {Type}:{Area}:{Key}",
+                type, request.Actor, request.Key);
             throw new RpcException(new Status(StatusCode.Internal, "Failed to retrieve permission"));
         }
     }
 
     public override async Task<AddPermissionNodeResponse> AddPermissionNode(AddPermissionNodeRequest request, ServerCallContext context)
     {
+        var type = SnPermissionNode.ConvertProtoActorType(request.Type);
         try
         {
             JsonDocument jsonValue;
@@ -58,18 +61,18 @@ public class PermissionServiceGrpc(
             }
             catch (JsonException ex)
             {
-                logger.LogWarning(ex, "Invalid JSON in permission value for actor {Actor}, area {Area}, key {Key}",
-                    request.Actor, request.Area, request.Key);
+                logger.LogError(ex, "Invalid JSON in permission value for {Type}:{Area}:{Key}",
+                    type, request.Actor, request.Key);
                 throw new RpcException(new Status(StatusCode.InvalidArgument, "Invalid permission value format"));
             }
 
-            var node = await permissionService.AddPermissionNode(
+            var node = await psv.AddPermissionNode(
                 request.Actor,
-                request.Area,
                 request.Key,
                 jsonValue,
                 request.ExpiredAt?.ToInstant(),
-                request.AffectedAt?.ToInstant()
+                request.AffectedAt?.ToInstant(),
+                type
             );
             return new AddPermissionNodeResponse { Node = node.ToProtoValue() };
         }
@@ -79,14 +82,15 @@ public class PermissionServiceGrpc(
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
-            logger.LogError(ex, "Error adding permission node for actor {Actor}, area {Area}, key {Key}",
-                request.Actor, request.Area, request.Key);
+            logger.LogError(ex, "Error adding permission for {Type}:{Area}:{Key}",
+                type, request.Actor, request.Key);
             throw new RpcException(new Status(StatusCode.Internal, "Failed to add permission node"));
         }
     }
 
     public override async Task<AddPermissionNodeToGroupResponse> AddPermissionNodeToGroup(AddPermissionNodeToGroupRequest request, ServerCallContext context)
     {
+        var type = SnPermissionNode.ConvertProtoActorType(request.Type);
         try
         {
             var group = await FindPermissionGroupAsync(request.Group.Id);
@@ -102,19 +106,19 @@ public class PermissionServiceGrpc(
             }
             catch (JsonException ex)
             {
-                logger.LogWarning(ex, "Invalid JSON in permission value for group {GroupId}, actor {Actor}, area {Area}, key {Key}",
-                    request.Group.Id, request.Actor, request.Area, request.Key);
+                logger.LogError(ex, "Invalid JSON in permission value for {Type}:{Area}:{Key}",
+                    type, request.Actor, request.Key);
                 throw new RpcException(new Status(StatusCode.InvalidArgument, "Invalid permission value format"));
             }
 
-            var node = await permissionService.AddPermissionNodeToGroup(
+            var node = await psv.AddPermissionNodeToGroup(
                 group,
                 request.Actor,
-                request.Area,
                 request.Key,
                 jsonValue,
                 request.ExpiredAt?.ToInstant(),
-                request.AffectedAt?.ToInstant()
+                request.AffectedAt?.ToInstant(),
+                type
             );
             return new AddPermissionNodeToGroupResponse { Node = node.ToProtoValue() };
         }
@@ -124,23 +128,24 @@ public class PermissionServiceGrpc(
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
-            logger.LogError(ex, "Error adding permission node to group {GroupId} for actor {Actor}, area {Area}, key {Key}",
-                request.Group.Id, request.Actor, request.Area, request.Key);
+            logger.LogError(ex, "Error adding permission for {Type}:{Area}:{Key}",
+                type, request.Actor, request.Key);
             throw new RpcException(new Status(StatusCode.Internal, "Failed to add permission node to group"));
         }
     }
 
     public override async Task<RemovePermissionNodeResponse> RemovePermissionNode(RemovePermissionNodeRequest request, ServerCallContext context)
     {
+        var type = SnPermissionNode.ConvertProtoActorType(request.Type);
         try
         {
-            await permissionService.RemovePermissionNode(request.Actor, request.Area, request.Key);
+            await psv.RemovePermissionNode(request.Actor, request.Key, type);
             return new RemovePermissionNodeResponse { Success = true };
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
-            logger.LogError(ex, "Error removing permission node for actor {Actor}, area {Area}, key {Key}",
-                request.Actor, request.Area, request.Key);
+            logger.LogError(ex, "Error removing permission for {Type}:{Area}:{Key}",
+                type, request.Actor, request.Key);
             throw new RpcException(new Status(StatusCode.Internal, "Failed to remove permission node"));
         }
     }
@@ -155,7 +160,7 @@ public class PermissionServiceGrpc(
                 throw new RpcException(new Status(StatusCode.NotFound, "Permission group not found"));
             }
 
-            await permissionService.RemovePermissionNodeFromGroup<JsonDocument>(group, request.Actor, request.Area, request.Key);
+            await psv.RemovePermissionNodeFromGroup<JsonDocument>(group, request.Actor, request.Key);
             return new RemovePermissionNodeFromGroupResponse { Success = true };
         }
         catch (RpcException)
@@ -164,20 +169,18 @@ public class PermissionServiceGrpc(
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
-            logger.LogError(ex, "Error removing permission node from group {GroupId} for actor {Actor}, area {Area}, key {Key}",
-                request.Group.Id, request.Actor, request.Area, request.Key);
+            logger.LogError(ex, "Error removing permission from group for {Area}:{Key}",
+                request.Actor, request.Key);
             throw new RpcException(new Status(StatusCode.Internal, "Failed to remove permission node from group"));
         }
     }
 
     private async Task<SnPermissionGroup?> FindPermissionGroupAsync(string groupId)
     {
-        if (!Guid.TryParse(groupId, out var guid))
-        {
+        if (Guid.TryParse(groupId, out var guid))
+            return await db.PermissionGroups.FirstOrDefaultAsync(g => g.Id == guid);
         logger.LogWarning("Invalid GUID format for group ID: {GroupId}", groupId);
         return null;
-        }
 
-        return await db.PermissionGroups.FirstOrDefaultAsync(g => g.Id == guid);
     }
 }

DysonNetwork.Pass/PermissionController.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using DysonNetwork.Pass.Permission;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
 using NodaTime;
 using System.Text.Json;
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Auth;
 
 namespace DysonNetwork.Pass;
 
@@ -19,16 +20,20 @@ public class PermissionController(
     /// <summary>
     /// Check if an actor has a specific permission
     /// </summary>
-    [HttpGet("check/{actor}/{area}/{key}")]
-    [RequiredPermission("maintenance", "permissions.check")]
+    [HttpGet("check/{actor}/{key}")]
+    [AskPermission("permissions.check")]
     [ProducesResponseType<bool>(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError)]
-    public async Task<IActionResult> CheckPermission(string actor, string area, string key)
+    public async Task<IActionResult> CheckPermission(
+        [FromRoute] string actor,
+        [FromRoute] string key,
+        [FromQuery] PermissionNodeActorType type = PermissionNodeActorType.Account
+    )
     {
         try
         {
-            var hasPermission = await permissionService.HasPermissionAsync(actor, area, key);
+            var hasPermission = await permissionService.HasPermissionAsync(actor, key, type);
             return Ok(hasPermission);
         }
         catch (ArgumentException ex)
@@ -45,7 +50,7 @@ public class PermissionController(
     /// Get all effective permissions for an actor (including group permissions)
     /// </summary>
     [HttpGet("actors/{actor}/permissions/effective")]
-    [RequiredPermission("maintenance", "permissions.check")]
+    [AskPermission("permissions.check")]
     [ProducesResponseType<List<SnPermissionNode>>(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError)]
@@ -70,7 +75,7 @@ public class PermissionController(
     /// Get all direct permissions for an actor (excluding group permissions)
     /// </summary>
     [HttpGet("actors/{actor}/permissions/direct")]
-    [RequiredPermission("maintenance", "permissions.check")]
+    [AskPermission("permissions.check")]
     [ProducesResponseType<List<SnPermissionNode>>(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError)]
@@ -94,28 +99,27 @@ public class PermissionController(
     /// <summary>
     /// Give a permission to an actor
     /// </summary>
-    [HttpPost("actors/{actor}/permissions/{area}/{key}")]
-    [RequiredPermission("maintenance", "permissions.manage")]
+    [HttpPost("actors/{actor}/permissions/{key}")]
+    [AskPermission("permissions.manage")]
     [ProducesResponseType<SnPermissionNode>(StatusCodes.Status201Created)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError)]
     public async Task<IActionResult> GivePermission(
         string actor,
-        string area,
         string key,
-        [FromBody] PermissionRequest request)
+        [FromBody] PermissionRequest request
+    )
     {
         try
         {
             var permission = await permissionService.AddPermissionNode(
                 actor,
-                area,
                 key,
                 JsonDocument.Parse(JsonSerializer.Serialize(request.Value)),
                 request.ExpiredAt,
                 request.AffectedAt
             );
-            return Created($"/api/permissions/actors/{actor}/permissions/{area}/{key}", permission);
+            return Created($"/api/permissions/actors/{actor}/permissions/{key}", permission);
         }
         catch (ArgumentException ex)
         {
@@ -130,16 +134,20 @@ public class PermissionController(
     /// <summary>
     /// Remove a permission from an actor
     /// </summary>
-    [HttpDelete("actors/{actor}/permissions/{area}/{key}")]
-    [RequiredPermission("maintenance", "permissions.manage")]
+    [HttpDelete("actors/{actor}/permissions/{key}")]
+    [AskPermission("permissions.manage")]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError)]
-    public async Task<IActionResult> RemovePermission(string actor, string area, string key)
+    public async Task<IActionResult> RemovePermission(
+        string actor,
+        string key,
+        [FromQuery] PermissionNodeActorType type = PermissionNodeActorType.Account
+    )
     {
         try
         {
-            await permissionService.RemovePermissionNode(actor, area, key);
+            await permissionService.RemovePermissionNode(actor, key, type);
             return NoContent();
         }
         catch (ArgumentException ex)
@@ -156,7 +164,7 @@ public class PermissionController(
     /// Get all groups for an actor
     /// </summary>
     [HttpGet("actors/{actor}/groups")]
-    [RequiredPermission("maintenance", "permissions.groups.check")]
+    [AskPermission("permissions.groups.check")]
     [ProducesResponseType<List<SnPermissionGroupMember>>(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError)]
@@ -183,8 +191,8 @@ public class PermissionController(
     /// <summary>
     /// Add an actor to a permission group
     /// </summary>
-    [HttpPost("actors/{actor}/groups/{groupId}")]
-    [RequiredPermission("maintenance", "permissions.groups.manage")]
+    [HttpPost("actors/{actor}/groups/{groupId:guid}")]
+    [AskPermission("permissions.groups.manage")]
     [ProducesResponseType<SnPermissionGroupMember>(StatusCodes.Status201Created)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
@@ -192,7 +200,8 @@ public class PermissionController(
     public async Task<IActionResult> AddActorToGroup(
         string actor,
         Guid groupId,
-        [FromBody] GroupMembershipRequest? request = null)
+        [FromBody] GroupMembershipRequest? request = null
+    )
     {
         try
         {
@@ -238,7 +247,7 @@ public class PermissionController(
     /// Remove an actor from a permission group
     /// </summary>
     [HttpDelete("actors/{actor}/groups/{groupId}")]
-    [RequiredPermission("maintenance", "permissions.groups.manage")]
+    [AskPermission("permissions.groups.manage")]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError)]
@@ -272,7 +281,7 @@ public class PermissionController(
     /// Clear permission cache for an actor
     /// </summary>
     [HttpPost("actors/{actor}/cache/clear")]
-    [RequiredPermission("maintenance", "permissions.cache.manage")]
+    [AskPermission("permissions.cache.manage")]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError)]
@@ -297,7 +306,7 @@ public class PermissionController(
     /// Validate a permission pattern
     /// </summary>
     [HttpPost("validate-pattern")]
-    [RequiredPermission("maintenance", "permissions.check")]
+    [AskPermission("permissions.check")]
     [ProducesResponseType<PatternValidationResponse>(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest)]
     public IActionResult ValidatePattern([FromBody] PatternValidationRequest request)
@@ -322,14 +331,14 @@ public class PermissionController(
 public class PermissionRequest
 {
     public object? Value { get; set; }
-    public NodaTime.Instant? ExpiredAt { get; set; }
-    public NodaTime.Instant? AffectedAt { get; set; }
+    public Instant? ExpiredAt { get; set; }
+    public Instant? AffectedAt { get; set; }
 }
 
 public class GroupMembershipRequest
 {
-    public NodaTime.Instant? ExpiredAt { get; set; }
-    public NodaTime.Instant? AffectedAt { get; set; }
+    public Instant? ExpiredAt { get; set; }
+    public Instant? AffectedAt { get; set; }
 }
 
 public class PatternValidationRequest

DysonNetwork.Pass/Safety/AbuseReportController.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Permission;
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Auth;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ public class SnAbuseReportController(
 
     [HttpGet("")]
     [Authorize]
-    [RequiredPermission("safety", "reports.view")]
+    [AskPermission("reports.view")]
     [ProducesResponseType<List<SnAbuseReport>>(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
     public async Task<ActionResult<List<SnAbuseReport>>> GetReports(
         [FromQuery] int offset = 0,
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ public class SnAbuseReportController(
 
     [HttpGet("{id}")]
     [Authorize]
-    [RequiredPermission("safety", "reports.view")]
+    [AskPermission("reports.view")]
     [ProducesResponseType<SnAbuseReport>(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
     public async Task<ActionResult<SnAbuseReport>> GetReportById(Guid id)
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ public class SnAbuseReportController(
 
     [HttpPost("{id}/resolve")]
     [Authorize]
-    [RequiredPermission("safety", "reports.resolve")]
+    [AskPermission("reports.resolve")]
     [ProducesResponseType<SnAbuseReport>(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
     [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
     public async Task<ActionResult<SnAbuseReport>> ResolveReport(Guid id, [FromBody] ResolveReportRequest request)
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ public class SnAbuseReportController(
 
     [HttpGet("count")]
     [Authorize]
-    [RequiredPermission("safety", "reports.view")]
+    [AskPermission("reports.view")]
     [ProducesResponseType<object>(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
     public async Task<ActionResult<object>> GetReportsCount()
     {

DysonNetwork.Pass/Startup/ApplicationConfiguration.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public static class ApplicationConfiguration
         app.UseWebSockets();
         app.UseAuthentication();
         app.UseAuthorization();
-        app.UseMiddleware<PermissionMiddleware>();
+        app.UseMiddleware<LocalPermissionMiddleware>();
 
         app.MapControllers().RequireRateLimiting("fixed");
 

DysonNetwork.Pass/Startup/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ using NodaTime.Serialization.SystemTextJson;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Account.Presences;
+using DysonNetwork.Pass.Affiliation;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Auth.OidcProvider.Options;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Auth.OidcProvider.Services;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Credit;
@@ -34,9 +35,7 @@ public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
         services.AddLocalization(options => options.ResourcesPath = "Resources");
 
         services.AddDbContext<AppDatabase>();
-        services.AddSingleton<IClock>(SystemClock.Instance);
         services.AddHttpContextAccessor();
-        services.AddSingleton<ICacheService, CacheServiceRedis>();
 
         services.AddHttpClient();
 
@@ -159,6 +158,7 @@ public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
         services.AddScoped<ExperienceService>();
         services.AddScoped<RealmService>();
         services.AddScoped<LotteryService>();
+        services.AddScoped<AffiliationSpellService>();
         
         services.AddScoped<SpotifyPresenceService>();
         services.AddScoped<SteamPresenceService>();

DysonNetwork.Pass/Wallet/WalletController.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Auth;
 using DysonNetwork.Pass.Permission;
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Auth;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Cache;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ public class WalletController(
 
     [HttpPost("balance")]
     [Authorize]
-    [RequiredPermission("maintenance", "wallets.balance.modify")]
+    [AskPermission("wallets.balance.modify")]
     public async Task<ActionResult<SnWalletTransaction>> ModifyWalletBalance([FromBody] WalletBalanceRequest request)
     {
         var wallet = await ws.GetWalletAsync(request.AccountId);

DysonNetwork.Pass/appsettings.json

@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@
     "Authentication": {
         "Schemes": {
             "Bearer": {
-        "ValidAudiences": ["http://localhost:5071", "https://localhost:7099"],
+                "ValidAudiences": [
+                    "http://localhost:5071",
+                    "https://localhost:7099"
+                ],
                 "ValidIssuer": "solar-network"
             }
         }
@@ -59,6 +62,9 @@
             "DiscoveryEndpoint": "YOUR_MICROSOFT_DISCOVERY_ENDPOINT"
         }
     },
+    "Cache": {
+        "Serializer": "MessagePack"
+    },
     "Payment": {
         "Auth": {
             "Afdian": "<token here>"
@@ -71,5 +77,8 @@
             }
         }
     },
-  "KnownProxies": ["127.0.0.1", "::1"]
+    "KnownProxies": [
+        "127.0.0.1",
+        "::1"
+    ]
 }

DysonNetwork.Ring/Connection/WebSocketController.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ using DysonNetwork.Shared.Stream;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 using NATS.Client.Core;
-using NATS.Net;
 using Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.Annotations;
 using WebSocketPacket = DysonNetwork.Shared.Models.WebSocketPacket;
 
@@ -40,10 +39,10 @@ public class WebSocketController(
         }
 
         var accountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id!);
-        var deviceId = currentSession.Challenge?.DeviceId ?? Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
+        var deviceId = currentSession.ClientId;
 
         if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(deviceId))
-            return BadRequest("Unable to get device ID from session.");
+            deviceId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
         if (deviceAlt is not null)
             deviceId = $"{deviceId}+{deviceAlt}";
 

DysonNetwork.Ring/Notification/NotificationController.cs

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public class NotificationController(
 
         var result =
             await nty.SubscribeDevice(
-                currentSession.Challenge.DeviceId,
+                currentSession.ClientId,
                 request.DeviceToken,
                 request.Provider,
                 currentUser
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ public class NotificationController(
         var affectedRows = await db.PushSubscriptions
             .Where(s =>
                 s.AccountId == accountId &&
-                s.DeviceId == currentSession.Challenge.DeviceId
+                s.DeviceId == currentSession.ClientId
             ).ExecuteDeleteAsync();
         return Ok(affectedRows);
     }
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ public class NotificationController(
 
     [HttpPost("send")]
     [Authorize]
-    [RequiredPermission("global", "notifications.send")]
+    [AskPermission("notifications.send")]
     public async Task<ActionResult> SendNotification(
         [FromBody] NotificationWithAimRequest request,
         [FromQuery] bool save = false

DysonNetwork.Ring/Notification/PushService.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ using CorePush.Apple;
 using CorePush.Firebase;
 using DysonNetwork.Ring.Connection;
 using DysonNetwork.Ring.Services;
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Cache;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Proto;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
@@ -17,12 +18,14 @@ public class PushService
     private readonly ILogger<PushService> _logger;
     private readonly FirebaseSender? _fcm;
     private readonly ApnSender? _apns;
+    private readonly FlushBufferService _fbs;
     private readonly string? _apnsTopic;
 
     public PushService(
         IConfiguration config,
         AppDatabase db,
         QueueService queueService,
+        FlushBufferService fbs,
         IHttpClientFactory httpFactory,
         ILogger<PushService> logger
     )
@@ -52,6 +55,7 @@ public class PushService
         }
 
         _db = db;
+        _fbs = fbs;
         _queueService = queueService;
         _logger = logger;
     }
@@ -144,7 +148,8 @@ public class PushService
             _ = _queueService.EnqueuePushNotification(notification, Guid.Parse(accountId), save);
     }
 
-    public async Task DeliverPushNotification(SnNotification notification, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    public async Task DeliverPushNotification(SnNotification notification,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
     {
         WebSocketService.SendPacketToAccount(notification.AccountId, new WebSocketPacket()
         {
@@ -260,7 +265,8 @@ public class PushService
         await DeliverPushNotification(notification);
     }
 
-    private async Task SendPushNotificationAsync(SnNotificationPushSubscription subscription, SnNotification notification)
+    private async Task SendPushNotificationAsync(SnNotificationPushSubscription subscription,
+        SnNotification notification)
     {
         try
         {
@@ -302,7 +308,9 @@ public class PushService
                         }
                     });
 
-                    if (fcmResult.Error != null)
+                    if (fcmResult.StatusCode is 404 or 410)
+                        _fbs.Enqueue(new PushSubRemovalRequest { SubId = subscription.Id });
+                    else if (fcmResult.Error != null)
                         throw new Exception($"Notification pushed failed ({fcmResult.StatusCode}) {fcmResult.Error}");
                     break;
 
@@ -338,7 +346,10 @@ public class PushService
                         apnsPriority: notification.Priority,
                         apnPushType: ApnPushType.Alert
                     );
-                    if (apnResult.Error != null)
+                    
+                    if (apnResult.StatusCode is 404 or 410)
+                        _fbs.Enqueue(new PushSubRemovalRequest { SubId = subscription.Id });
+                    else if (apnResult.Error != null)
                         throw new Exception($"Notification pushed failed ({apnResult.StatusCode}) {apnResult.Error}");
 
                     break;

DysonNetwork.Ring/Services/PushSubFlushHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Cache;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+using Quartz;
+
+namespace DysonNetwork.Ring.Services;
+
+public class PushSubRemovalRequest
+{
+    public Guid SubId { get; set; }
+}
+
+public class PushSubFlushHandler(IServiceProvider sp) : IFlushHandler<PushSubRemovalRequest>
+{
+    public async Task FlushAsync(IReadOnlyList<PushSubRemovalRequest> items)
+    {
+        using var scope = sp.CreateScope();
+        var db = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<AppDatabase>();
+        var logger = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<ILogger<PushSubFlushHandler>>();
+
+        var tokenIds = items.Select(x => x.SubId).Distinct().ToList();
+
+        var count = await db.PushSubscriptions
+            .Where(s => tokenIds.Contains(s.Id))
+            .ExecuteDeleteAsync();
+        logger.LogInformation("Removed {Count} invalid push notification tokens...", count);
+    }
+}
+
+public class PushSubFlushJob(FlushBufferService fbs, PushSubFlushHandler hdl) : IJob
+{
+    public async Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
+    {
+        await fbs.FlushAsync(hdl);
+    }
+}

DysonNetwork.Ring/Startup/ScheduledJobsConfiguration.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using DysonNetwork.Ring.Notification;
+using DysonNetwork.Ring.Services;
 using Quartz;
 
 namespace DysonNetwork.Ring.Startup;
@@ -15,6 +15,15 @@ public static class ScheduledJobsConfiguration
                 .ForJob(appDatabaseRecyclingJob)
                 .WithIdentity("AppDatabaseRecyclingTrigger")
                 .WithCronSchedule("0 0 0 * * ?"));
+            
+            q.AddJob<PushSubFlushJob>(opts => opts.WithIdentity("PushSubFlush"));
+            q.AddTrigger(opts => opts
+                .ForJob("PushSubFlush")
+                .WithIdentity("PushSubFlushTrigger")
+                .WithSimpleSchedule(o => o
+                    .WithIntervalInMinutes(5)
+                    .RepeatForever())
+            ); 
         });
         services.AddQuartzHostedService(q => q.WaitForJobsToComplete = true);
 

DysonNetwork.Ring/Startup/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs

@@ -17,9 +17,7 @@ public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
     public static IServiceCollection AddAppServices(this IServiceCollection services, IConfiguration configuration)
     {
         services.AddDbContext<AppDatabase>();
-        services.AddSingleton<IClock>(SystemClock.Instance);
         services.AddHttpContextAccessor();
-        services.AddSingleton<ICacheService, CacheServiceRedis>();
 
         services.AddHttpClient();
 
@@ -57,6 +55,7 @@ public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
     public static IServiceCollection AddAppFlushHandlers(this IServiceCollection services)
     {
         services.AddSingleton<FlushBufferService>();
+        services.AddScoped<PushSubFlushHandler>();
 
         return services;
     }

DysonNetwork.Ring/appsettings.json

@@ -36,11 +36,17 @@
     "GeoIp": {
         "DatabasePath": "./Keys/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"
     },
-  "KnownProxies": ["127.0.0.1", "::1"],
+    "KnownProxies": [
+        "127.0.0.1",
+        "::1"
+    ],
     "Service": {
         "Name": "DysonNetwork.Ring",
         "Url": "https://localhost:7259"
     },
+    "Cache": {
+        "Serializer": "MessagePack"
+    },
     "Etcd": {
         "Insecure": true
     }

DysonNetwork.Shared/Auth/AuthScheme.cs

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public class DysonTokenAuthHandler(
             };
 
             // Add scopes as claims
-            session.Challenge?.Scopes.ToList().ForEach(scope => claims.Add(new Claim("scope", scope)));
+            session.Scopes.ToList().ForEach(scope => claims.Add(new Claim("scope", scope)));
 
             // Add superuser claim if applicable
             if (session.Account.IsSuperuser)

DysonNetwork.Shared/Auth/PermissionMiddleware.cs

@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-using DysonNetwork.Shared.Proto;
-using Grpc.Core;
-using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
-using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
-
-namespace DysonNetwork.Shared.Auth
-{
-    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = true)]
-    public class RequiredPermissionAttribute(string area, string key) : Attribute
-    {
-        public string Area { get; set; } = area;
-        public string Key { get; } = key;
-    }
-
-    public class PermissionMiddleware(RequestDelegate next)
-    {
-        public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext httpContext, PermissionService.PermissionServiceClient permissionService, ILogger<PermissionMiddleware> logger)
-        {
-            var endpoint = httpContext.GetEndpoint();
-
-            var attr = endpoint?.Metadata
-                .OfType<RequiredPermissionAttribute>()
-                .FirstOrDefault();
-
-            if (attr != null)
-            {
-                if (httpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser)
-                {
-                    httpContext.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status403Forbidden;
-                    await httpContext.Response.WriteAsync("Unauthorized");
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                // Assuming Account proto has a bool field 'is_superuser' which is generated as 'IsSuperuser'
-                if (currentUser.IsSuperuser)
-                {
-                    // Bypass the permission check for performance
-                    await next(httpContext);
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                var actor = $"user:{currentUser.Id}";
-
-                try
-                {
-                    var permResp = await permissionService.HasPermissionAsync(new HasPermissionRequest
-                    {
-                        Actor = actor,
-                        Area = attr.Area,
-                        Key = attr.Key
-                    });
-
-                    if (!permResp.HasPermission)
-                    {
-                        httpContext.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status403Forbidden;
-                        await httpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"Permission {attr.Area}/{attr.Key} was required.");
-                        return;
-                    }
-                }
-                catch (RpcException ex)
-                {
-                    logger.LogError(ex, "gRPC call to PermissionService failed while checking permission {Area}/{Key} for actor {Actor}", attr.Area, attr.Key, actor);
-                    httpContext.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError;
-                    await httpContext.Response.WriteAsync("Error checking permissions.");
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-
-            await next(httpContext);
-        }
-    }
-}

DysonNetwork.Shared/Auth/RemotePermissionMiddleware.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Proto;
+using Grpc.Core;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+
+namespace DysonNetwork.Shared.Auth;
+
+[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = true)]
+public class AskPermissionAttribute(string key, PermissionNodeActorType type = PermissionNodeActorType.Account)
+    : Attribute
+{
+    public string Key { get; } = key;
+    public PermissionNodeActorType Type { get; } = type;
+}
+
+public class RemotePermissionMiddleware(RequestDelegate next)
+{
+    public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext httpContext, PermissionService.PermissionServiceClient permissionService,
+        ILogger<RemotePermissionMiddleware> logger)
+    {
+        var endpoint = httpContext.GetEndpoint();
+
+        var attr = endpoint?.Metadata
+            .OfType<AskPermissionAttribute>()
+            .FirstOrDefault();
+
+        if (attr != null)
+        {
+            if (httpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser)
+            {
+                httpContext.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status403Forbidden;
+                await httpContext.Response.WriteAsync("Unauthorized");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Superuser will bypass all the permission check
+            if (currentUser.IsSuperuser)
+            {
+                await next(httpContext);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                var permResp = await permissionService.HasPermissionAsync(new HasPermissionRequest
+                {
+                    Actor = currentUser.Id,
+                    Key = attr.Key
+                });
+
+                if (!permResp.HasPermission)
+                {
+                    httpContext.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status403Forbidden;
+                    await httpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"Permission {attr.Key} was required.");
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            catch (RpcException ex)
+            {
+                logger.LogError(ex,
+                    "gRPC call to PermissionService failed while checking permission {Key} for actor {Actor}", attr.Key,
+                    currentUser.Id
+                );
+                httpContext.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError;
+                await httpContext.Response.WriteAsync("Error checking permissions.");
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        await next(httpContext);
+    }
+}

DysonNetwork.Shared/Cache/CacheService.cs

@@ -1,396 +1,201 @@
-using System.Text.Json;
-using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-using System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata;
-using DysonNetwork.Shared.Data;
-using NodaTime;
-using NodaTime.Serialization.SystemTextJson;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Distributed;
+using RedLockNet;
 using StackExchange.Redis;
 
 namespace DysonNetwork.Shared.Cache;
 
-/// <summary>
-/// Represents a distributed lock that can be used to synchronize access across multiple processes
-/// </summary>
-public interface IDistributedLock : IAsyncDisposable
+public class CacheServiceRedis(
+    IDistributedCache cache,
+    IConnectionMultiplexer redis,
+    ICacheSerializer serializer,
+    IDistributedLockFactory lockFactory
+)
+    : ICacheService
 {
-    /// <summary>
-    /// The resource identifier this lock is protecting
-    /// </summary>
-    string Resource { get; }
+    private const string GlobalKeyPrefix = "dyson:";
+    private const string GroupKeyPrefix = GlobalKeyPrefix + "cg:";
+    private const string LockKeyPrefix = GlobalKeyPrefix + "lock:";
 
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Unique identifier for this lock instance
-    /// </summary>
-    string LockId { get; }
+    private static string Normalize(string key) => $"{GlobalKeyPrefix}{key}";
 
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Extends the lock's expiration time
-    /// </summary>
-    Task<bool> ExtendAsync(TimeSpan timeSpan);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Releases the lock immediately
-    /// </summary>
-    Task ReleaseAsync();
-}
-
-public interface ICacheService
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Sets a value in the cache with an optional expiration time
-    /// </summary>
-    Task<bool> SetAsync<T>(string key, T value, TimeSpan? expiry = null);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Gets a value from the cache
-    /// </summary>
-    Task<T?> GetAsync<T>(string key);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Get a value from the cache with the found status
-    /// </summary>
-    Task<(bool found, T? value)> GetAsyncWithStatus<T>(string key);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Removes a specific key from the cache
-    /// </summary>
-    Task<bool> RemoveAsync(string key);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Adds a key to a group for group-based operations
-    /// </summary>
-    Task AddToGroupAsync(string key, string group);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Removes all keys associated with a specific group
-    /// </summary>
-    Task RemoveGroupAsync(string group);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Gets all keys belonging to a specific group
-    /// </summary>
-    Task<IEnumerable<string>> GetGroupKeysAsync(string group);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Helper method to set a value in cache and associate it with multiple groups in one operation
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <typeparam name="T">The type of value being cached</typeparam>
-    /// <param name="key">Cache key</param>
-    /// <param name="value">The value to cache</param>
-    /// <param name="groups">Optional collection of group names to associate the key with</param>
-    /// <param name="expiry">Optional expiration time for the cached item</param>
-    /// <returns>True if the set operation was successful</returns>
-    Task<bool> SetWithGroupsAsync<T>(string key, T value, IEnumerable<string>? groups = null, TimeSpan? expiry = null);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Acquires a distributed lock on the specified resource
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <param name="resource">The resource identifier to lock</param>
-    /// <param name="expiry">How long the lock should be held before automatically expiring</param>
-    /// <param name="waitTime">How long to wait for the lock before giving up</param>
-    /// <param name="retryInterval">How often to retry acquiring the lock during the wait time</param>
-    /// <returns>A distributed lock instance if acquired, null otherwise</returns>
-    Task<IDistributedLock?> AcquireLockAsync(string resource, TimeSpan expiry, TimeSpan? waitTime = null,
-        TimeSpan? retryInterval = null);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Executes an action with a distributed lock, ensuring the lock is properly released afterwards
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <param name="resource">The resource identifier to lock</param>
-    /// <param name="action">The action to execute while holding the lock</param>
-    /// <param name="expiry">How long the lock should be held before automatically expiring</param>
-    /// <param name="waitTime">How long to wait for the lock before giving up</param>
-    /// <param name="retryInterval">How often to retry acquiring the lock during the wait time</param>
-    /// <returns>True if the lock was acquired and the action was executed, false otherwise</returns>
-    Task<bool> ExecuteWithLockAsync(string resource, Func<Task> action, TimeSpan expiry, TimeSpan? waitTime = null,
-        TimeSpan? retryInterval = null);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Executes a function with a distributed lock, ensuring the lock is properly released afterwards
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <typeparam name="T">The return type of the function</typeparam>
-    /// <param name="resource">The resource identifier to lock</param>
-    /// <param name="func">The function to execute while holding the lock</param>
-    /// <param name="expiry">How long the lock should be held before automatically expiring</param>
-    /// <param name="waitTime">How long to wait for the lock before giving up</param>
-    /// <param name="retryInterval">How often to retry acquiring the lock during the wait time</param>
-    /// <returns>The result of the function if the lock was acquired, default(T) otherwise</returns>
-    Task<(bool Acquired, T? Result)> ExecuteWithLockAsync<T>(string resource, Func<Task<T>> func, TimeSpan expiry,
-        TimeSpan? waitTime = null, TimeSpan? retryInterval = null);
-}
-
-public class RedisDistributedLock : IDistributedLock
-{
-    private readonly IDatabase _database;
-    private bool _disposed;
-
-    public string Resource { get; }
-    public string LockId { get; }
-
-    internal RedisDistributedLock(IDatabase database, string resource, string lockId)
-    {
-        _database = database;
-        Resource = resource;
-        LockId = lockId;
-    }
-
-    public async Task<bool> ExtendAsync(TimeSpan timeSpan)
-    {
-        if (_disposed)
-            throw new ObjectDisposedException(nameof(RedisDistributedLock));
-
-        var script = @"
-            if redis.call('get', KEYS[1]) == ARGV[1] then
-                return redis.call('pexpire', KEYS[1], ARGV[2])
-            else
-                return 0
-            end
-        ";
-
-        var result = await _database.ScriptEvaluateAsync(
-            script,
-            [$"{CacheServiceRedis.LockKeyPrefix}{Resource}"],
-            [LockId, (long)timeSpan.TotalMilliseconds]
-        );
-
-        return (long)result! == 1;
-    }
-
-    public async Task ReleaseAsync()
-    {
-        if (_disposed)
-            return;
-
-        var script = @"
-            if redis.call('get', KEYS[1]) == ARGV[1] then
-                return redis.call('del', KEYS[1])
-            else
-                return 0
-            end
-        ";
-
-        await _database.ScriptEvaluateAsync(
-            script,
-            [$"{CacheServiceRedis.LockKeyPrefix}{Resource}"],
-            [LockId]
-        );
-
-        _disposed = true;
-    }
-
-    public async ValueTask DisposeAsync()
-    {
-        await ReleaseAsync();
-        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
-    }
-}
-
-public class CacheServiceRedis : ICacheService
-{
-    private readonly IDatabase _database;
-    private readonly JsonSerializerOptions _jsonOptions;
-
-    // Global prefix for all cache keys
-    public const string GlobalKeyPrefix = "dyson:";
-
-    // Using prefixes for different types of keys
-    public const string GroupKeyPrefix = GlobalKeyPrefix + "cg:";
-    public const string LockKeyPrefix = GlobalKeyPrefix + "lock:";
-
-    public CacheServiceRedis(IConnectionMultiplexer redis)
-    {
-        var rds = redis ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(redis));
-        _database = rds.GetDatabase();
-
-        // Configure System.Text.Json with proper NodaTime serialization
-        _jsonOptions = new JsonSerializerOptions
-        {
-            TypeInfoResolver = new DefaultJsonTypeInfoResolver
-            {
-                Modifiers = { JsonExtensions.UnignoreAllProperties() },
-            },
-            ReferenceHandler = ReferenceHandler.Preserve,
-            NumberHandling = JsonNumberHandling.AllowNamedFloatingPointLiterals,
-            Converters = { new ByteStringConverter() }
-        };
-        _jsonOptions.ConfigureForNodaTime(DateTimeZoneProviders.Tzdb);
-        _jsonOptions.PropertyNameCaseInsensitive = true;
-    }
+    // -----------------------------------------------------
+    // BASIC OPERATIONS
+    // -----------------------------------------------------
 
     public async Task<bool> SetAsync<T>(string key, T value, TimeSpan? expiry = null)
     {
-        key = $"{GlobalKeyPrefix}{key}";
-        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))
-            throw new ArgumentException("Key cannot be null or empty", nameof(key));
+        key = Normalize(key);
 
-        var serializedValue = JsonSerializer.Serialize(value, _jsonOptions);
-        return await _database.StringSetAsync(key, serializedValue, expiry);
+        var json = serializer.Serialize(value);
+
+        var options = new DistributedCacheEntryOptions();
+        if (expiry.HasValue)
+            options.SetAbsoluteExpiration(expiry.Value);
+
+        await cache.SetStringAsync(key, json, options);
+        return true;
     }
 
     public async Task<T?> GetAsync<T>(string key)
     {
-        key = $"{GlobalKeyPrefix}{key}";
-        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))
-            throw new ArgumentException("Key cannot be null or empty", nameof(key));
+        key = Normalize(key);
 
-        var value = await _database.StringGetAsync(key);
+        var json = await cache.GetStringAsync(key);
+        if (json is null)
+            return default;
 
-        return value.IsNullOrEmpty ? default :
-            // For NodaTime serialization, use the configured JSON options
-            JsonSerializer.Deserialize<T>(value.ToString(), _jsonOptions);
+        return serializer.Deserialize<T>(json);
     }
 
     public async Task<(bool found, T? value)> GetAsyncWithStatus<T>(string key)
     {
-        key = $"{GlobalKeyPrefix}{key}";
-        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))
-            throw new ArgumentException("Key cannot be null or empty", nameof(key));
+        key = Normalize(key);
 
-        var value = await _database.StringGetAsync(key);
+        var json = await cache.GetStringAsync(key);
+        if (json is null)
+            return (false, default);
 
-        return value.IsNullOrEmpty ? (false, default) :
-            // For NodaTime serialization, use the configured JSON options
-            (true, JsonSerializer.Deserialize<T>(value!.ToString(), _jsonOptions));
+        return (true, serializer.Deserialize<T>(json));
     }
 
     public async Task<bool> RemoveAsync(string key)
     {
-        key = $"{GlobalKeyPrefix}{key}";
-        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))
-            throw new ArgumentException("Key cannot be null or empty", nameof(key));
+        key = Normalize(key);
 
-        // Before removing the key, find all groups it belongs to and remove it from them
-        var script = @"
-            local groups = redis.call('KEYS', ARGV[1])
-            for _, group in ipairs(groups) do
-                redis.call('SREM', group, ARGV[2])
-            end
-            return redis.call('DEL', ARGV[2])
-        ";
+        // Remove key from all groups
+        var db = redis.GetDatabase();
 
-        var result = await _database.ScriptEvaluateAsync(
-            script,
-            values: [$"{GroupKeyPrefix}*", key]
-        );
+        var groupPattern = $"{GroupKeyPrefix}*";
+        var server = redis.GetServers().First();
 
-        return (long)result! > 0;
+        var groups = server.Keys(pattern: groupPattern);
+        foreach (var group in groups)
+        {
+            await db.SetRemoveAsync(group, key);
         }
 
+        await cache.RemoveAsync(key);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------
+    // GROUP OPERATIONS
+    // -----------------------------------------------------
+
     public async Task AddToGroupAsync(string key, string group)
     {
-        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))
-            throw new ArgumentException(@"Key cannot be null or empty.", nameof(key));
-
-        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(group))
-            throw new ArgumentException(@"Group cannot be null or empty.", nameof(group));
-
+        key = Normalize(key);
+        var db = redis.GetDatabase();
         var groupKey = $"{GroupKeyPrefix}{group}";
-        key = $"{GlobalKeyPrefix}{key}";
-        await _database.SetAddAsync(groupKey, key);
+        await db.SetAddAsync(groupKey, key);
     }
 
     public async Task RemoveGroupAsync(string group)
     {
-        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(group))
-            throw new ArgumentException(@"Group cannot be null or empty.", nameof(group));
-
         var groupKey = $"{GroupKeyPrefix}{group}";
+        var db = redis.GetDatabase();
 
-        // Get all keys in the group
-        var keys = await _database.SetMembersAsync(groupKey);
+        var keys = await db.SetMembersAsync(groupKey);
 
         if (keys.Length > 0)
         {
-            // Delete all the keys
-            var keysTasks = keys.Select(key => _database.KeyDeleteAsync(key.ToString()));
-            await Task.WhenAll(keysTasks);
+            foreach (var key in keys)
+                await cache.RemoveAsync(key.ToString());
         }
 
-        // Delete the group itself
-        await _database.KeyDeleteAsync(groupKey);
+        await db.KeyDeleteAsync(groupKey);
     }
 
     public async Task<IEnumerable<string>> GetGroupKeysAsync(string group)
     {
-        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(group))
-            throw new ArgumentException("Group cannot be null or empty.", nameof(group));
-
-        var groupKey = string.Concat(GroupKeyPrefix, group);
-        var members = await _database.SetMembersAsync(groupKey);
-
-        return members.Select(m => m.ToString());
+        var groupKey = $"{GroupKeyPrefix}{group}";
+        var db = redis.GetDatabase();
+        var members = await db.SetMembersAsync(groupKey);
+        return members.Select(x => x.ToString());
     }
 
-    public async Task<bool> SetWithGroupsAsync<T>(string key, T value, IEnumerable<string>? groups = null,
+    public async Task<bool> SetWithGroupsAsync<T>(
+        string key,
+        T value,
+        IEnumerable<string>? groups = null,
         TimeSpan? expiry = null)
     {
-        // First, set the value in the cache
-        var setResult = await SetAsync(key, value, expiry);
+        var result = await SetAsync(key, value, expiry);
+        if (!result || groups == null)
+            return result;
 
-        // If successful and there are groups to associate, add the key to each group
-        if (!setResult || groups == null) return setResult;
-        var groupsArray = groups.Where(g => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(g)).ToArray();
-        if (groupsArray.Length <= 0) return setResult;
-        var tasks = groupsArray.Select(group => AddToGroupAsync(key, group));
+        var tasks = groups.Select(g => AddToGroupAsync(key, g));
         await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
-
-        return setResult;
+        return true;
     }
 
-    public async Task<IDistributedLock?> AcquireLockAsync(string resource, TimeSpan expiry, TimeSpan? waitTime = null,
+    // -----------------------------------------------------
+    // DISTRIBUTED LOCK (RedLock wrapper)
+    // -----------------------------------------------------
+
+    private readonly TimeSpan _defaultRetry = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(100);
+
+    public async Task<IDistributedLock?> AcquireLockAsync(
+        string resource,
+        TimeSpan expiry,
+        TimeSpan? waitTime = null,
         TimeSpan? retryInterval = null)
     {
-        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(resource))
-            throw new ArgumentException("Resource cannot be null or empty", nameof(resource));
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(resource))
+            throw new ArgumentException("Resource cannot be null", nameof(resource));
 
         var lockKey = $"{LockKeyPrefix}{resource}";
-        var lockId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
-        var waitTimeSpan = waitTime ?? TimeSpan.Zero;
-        var retryIntervalSpan = retryInterval ?? TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(100);
+        var redlock = await lockFactory.CreateLockAsync(
+            lockKey,
+            expiry,
+            waitTime ?? TimeSpan.Zero,
+            retryInterval ?? _defaultRetry
+        );
 
-        var startTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
-        var acquired = false;
-
-        // Try to acquire the lock, retry until waitTime is exceeded
-        while (!acquired && (DateTime.UtcNow - startTime) < waitTimeSpan)
-        {
-            acquired = await _database.StringSetAsync(lockKey, lockId, expiry, When.NotExists);
-
-            if (!acquired)
-            {
-                await Task.Delay(retryIntervalSpan);
-            }
+        return !redlock.IsAcquired ? null : new RedLockAdapter(redlock, resource);
     }
 
-        if (!acquired)
+    public async Task<bool> ExecuteWithLockAsync(
+        string resource,
+        Func<Task> action,
+        TimeSpan expiry,
+        TimeSpan? waitTime = null,
+        TimeSpan? retryInterval = null)
     {
-            return null; // Could not acquire the lock within the wait time
-        }
-
-        return new RedisDistributedLock(_database, resource, lockId);
-    }
-
-    public async Task<bool> ExecuteWithLockAsync(string resource, Func<Task> action, TimeSpan expiry,
-        TimeSpan? waitTime = null, TimeSpan? retryInterval = null)
-    {
-        await using var lockObj = await AcquireLockAsync(resource, expiry, waitTime, retryInterval);
-
-        if (lockObj == null)
-            return false; // Could not acquire the lock
+        await using var l = await AcquireLockAsync(resource, expiry, waitTime, retryInterval);
+        if (l is null)
+            return false;
 
         await action();
         return true;
     }
 
-    public async Task<(bool Acquired, T? Result)> ExecuteWithLockAsync<T>(string resource, Func<Task<T>> func,
-        TimeSpan expiry, TimeSpan? waitTime = null, TimeSpan? retryInterval = null)
+    public async Task<(bool Acquired, T? Result)> ExecuteWithLockAsync<T>(
+        string resource,
+        Func<Task<T>> func,
+        TimeSpan expiry,
+        TimeSpan? waitTime = null,
+        TimeSpan? retryInterval = null)
     {
-        await using var lockObj = await AcquireLockAsync(resource, expiry, waitTime, retryInterval);
-
-        if (lockObj == null)
-            return (false, default); // Could not acquire the lock
+        await using var l = await AcquireLockAsync(resource, expiry, waitTime, retryInterval);
+        if (l is null)
+            return (false, default);
 
         var result = await func();
         return (true, result);
     }
 }
+
+public class RedLockAdapter(IRedLock inner, string resource) : IDistributedLock
+{
+    public string Resource { get; } = resource;
+    public string LockId => inner.LockId;
+
+    public ValueTask ReleaseAsync() => inner.DisposeAsync();
+
+    public async ValueTask DisposeAsync()
+    {
+        await inner.DisposeAsync();
+        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+    }
+}

DysonNetwork.Shared/Cache/ICacheSerializer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+namespace DysonNetwork.Shared.Cache;
+
+public interface ICacheSerializer
+{
+    string Serialize<T>(T value);
+    T? Deserialize<T>(string data);
+}

DysonNetwork.Shared/Cache/ICacheService.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+namespace DysonNetwork.Shared.Cache;
+
+public interface ICacheService
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Sets a value in the cache with an optional expiration time
+    /// </summary>
+    Task<bool> SetAsync<T>(string key, T value, TimeSpan? expiry = null);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets a value from the cache
+    /// </summary>
+    Task<T?> GetAsync<T>(string key);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Get a value from the cache with the found status
+    /// </summary>
+    Task<(bool found, T? value)> GetAsyncWithStatus<T>(string key);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Removes a specific key from the cache
+    /// </summary>
+    Task<bool> RemoveAsync(string key);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Adds a key to a group for group-based operations
+    /// </summary>
+    Task AddToGroupAsync(string key, string group);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Removes all keys associated with a specific group
+    /// </summary>
+    Task RemoveGroupAsync(string group);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets all keys belonging to a specific group
+    /// </summary>
+    Task<IEnumerable<string>> GetGroupKeysAsync(string group);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Helper method to set a value in cache and associate it with multiple groups in one operation
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">The type of value being cached</typeparam>
+    /// <param name="key">Cache key</param>
+    /// <param name="value">The value to cache</param>
+    /// <param name="groups">Optional collection of group names to associate the key with</param>
+    /// <param name="expiry">Optional expiration time for the cached item</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the set operation was successful</returns>
+    Task<bool> SetWithGroupsAsync<T>(string key, T value, IEnumerable<string>? groups = null, TimeSpan? expiry = null);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Acquires a distributed lock on the specified resource
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="resource">The resource identifier to lock</param>
+    /// <param name="expiry">How long the lock should be held before automatically expiring</param>
+    /// <param name="waitTime">How long to wait for the lock before giving up</param>
+    /// <param name="retryInterval">How often to retry acquiring the lock during the wait time</param>
+    /// <returns>A distributed lock instance if acquired, null otherwise</returns>
+    Task<IDistributedLock?> AcquireLockAsync(string resource, TimeSpan expiry, TimeSpan? waitTime = null,
+        TimeSpan? retryInterval = null);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Executes an action with a distributed lock, ensuring the lock is properly released afterwards
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="resource">The resource identifier to lock</param>
+    /// <param name="action">The action to execute while holding the lock</param>
+    /// <param name="expiry">How long the lock should be held before automatically expiring</param>
+    /// <param name="waitTime">How long to wait for the lock before giving up</param>
+    /// <param name="retryInterval">How often to retry acquiring the lock during the wait time</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the lock was acquired and the action was executed, false otherwise</returns>
+    Task<bool> ExecuteWithLockAsync(string resource, Func<Task> action, TimeSpan expiry, TimeSpan? waitTime = null,
+        TimeSpan? retryInterval = null);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Executes a function with a distributed lock, ensuring the lock is properly released afterwards
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">The return type of the function</typeparam>
+    /// <param name="resource">The resource identifier to lock</param>
+    /// <param name="func">The function to execute while holding the lock</param>
+    /// <param name="expiry">How long the lock should be held before automatically expiring</param>
+    /// <param name="waitTime">How long to wait for the lock before giving up</param>
+    /// <param name="retryInterval">How often to retry acquiring the lock during the wait time</param>
+    /// <returns>The result of the function if the lock was acquired, default(T) otherwise</returns>
+    Task<(bool Acquired, T? Result)> ExecuteWithLockAsync<T>(string resource, Func<Task<T>> func, TimeSpan expiry,
+        TimeSpan? waitTime = null, TimeSpan? retryInterval = null);
+}

DysonNetwork.Shared/Cache/IDistributedLock.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+namespace DysonNetwork.Shared.Cache;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a distributed lock that can be used to synchronize access across multiple processes
+/// </summary>
+public interface IDistributedLock : IAsyncDisposable
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The resource identifier this lock is protecting
+    /// </summary>
+    string Resource { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Unique identifier for this lock instance
+    /// </summary>
+    string LockId { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Releases the lock immediately
+    /// </summary>
+    ValueTask ReleaseAsync();
+}

DysonNetwork.Shared/Cache/JsonCacheSerializer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata;
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Data;
+using NodaTime;
+using NodaTime.Serialization.SystemTextJson;
+
+namespace DysonNetwork.Shared.Cache;
+
+public class JsonCacheSerializer : ICacheSerializer
+{
+    private readonly JsonSerializerOptions _options;
+
+    public JsonCacheSerializer()
+    {
+        _options = new JsonSerializerOptions
+        {
+            TypeInfoResolver = new DefaultJsonTypeInfoResolver
+            {
+                Modifiers = { JsonExtensions.UnignoreAllProperties() },
+            },
+            ReferenceHandler = ReferenceHandler.Preserve,
+            NumberHandling = JsonNumberHandling.AllowNamedFloatingPointLiterals,
+            Converters = { new ByteStringConverter() }
+        };
+        _options.ConfigureForNodaTime(DateTimeZoneProviders.Tzdb);
+        _options.PropertyNameCaseInsensitive = true;
+    }
+
+    public string Serialize<T>(T value)
+        => JsonSerializer.Serialize(value, _options);
+
+    public T? Deserialize<T>(string data)
+        => JsonSerializer.Deserialize<T>(data, _options);
+}

DysonNetwork.Shared/Cache/MessagePackCacheSerializer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+using MessagePack;
+using MessagePack.NodaTime;
+using MessagePack.Resolvers;
+
+namespace DysonNetwork.Shared.Cache;
+
+public class MessagePackCacheSerializer(MessagePackSerializerOptions? options = null) : ICacheSerializer
+{
+    private readonly MessagePackSerializerOptions _options = options ?? MessagePackSerializerOptions.Standard
+        .WithResolver(CompositeResolver.Create(
+            BuiltinResolver.Instance,
+            AttributeFormatterResolver.Instance,
+            NodatimeResolver.Instance,
+            DynamicEnumAsStringResolver.Instance,
+            ContractlessStandardResolver.Instance
+        ))
+        .WithCompression(MessagePackCompression.Lz4BlockArray)
+        .WithSecurity(MessagePackSecurity.UntrustedData)
+        .WithOmitAssemblyVersion(true);
+
+    public string Serialize<T>(T value)
+    {
+        var bytes = MessagePackSerializer.Serialize(value!, _options);
+        return Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
+    }
+
+    public T? Deserialize<T>(string data)
+    {
+        var bytes = Convert.FromBase64String(data);
+        return MessagePackSerializer.Deserialize<T>(bytes, _options);
+    }
+}

DysonNetwork.Shared/Data/SoftDeleteExtension.cs

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public static class SoftDeleteExtension
             var method = typeof(SoftDeleteExtension)
                 .GetMethod(nameof(SetSoftDeleteFilter), BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static)!
                 .MakeGenericMethod(entityType.ClrType);
-            method.Invoke(null, new object[] { modelBuilder });
+            method.Invoke(null, [modelBuilder]);
         }
     }
 

DysonNetwork.Shared/DysonNetwork.Shared.csproj

@@ -22,8 +22,11 @@
             <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
         </PackageReference>
         <PackageReference Include="MaxMind.GeoIP2" Version="5.3.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="MessagePack" Version="3.1.4" />
+        <PackageReference Include="MessagePack.NodaTime" Version="3.5.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication" Version="2.3.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.OpenApi" Version="10.0.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.StackExchangeRedis" Version="10.0.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="NATS.Net" Version="2.6.11" />
         <PackageReference Include="NodaTime" Version="3.2.2" />
         <PackageReference Include="NodaTime.Serialization.JsonNet" Version="3.2.0" />
@@ -31,6 +34,8 @@
         <PackageReference Include="NodaTime.Serialization.SystemTextJson" Version="1.3.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="OpenGraph-Net" Version="4.0.1" />
         <PackageReference Include="Otp.NET" Version="1.4.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="RedLock.net" Version="2.3.2" />
+        <PackageReference Include="StackExchange.Redis" Version="2.10.1" />
         <PackageReference Include="Swashbuckle.AspNetCore" Version="10.0.1" />
         <PackageReference Include="Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.SwaggerUI" Version="10.0.1" />
         <PackageReference Include="Yarp.ReverseProxy" Version="2.3.0" />

DysonNetwork.Shared/Extensions.cs

@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Cache;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.HealthChecks;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Diagnostics.HealthChecks;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+using NodaTime;
 using OpenTelemetry;
 using OpenTelemetry.Metrics;
 using OpenTelemetry.Trace;
+using RedLockNet;
+using RedLockNet.SERedis;
+using RedLockNet.SERedis.Configuration;
+using StackExchange.Redis;
 
 namespace Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
 
@@ -43,11 +50,27 @@ public static class Extensions
         //     options.AllowedSchemes = ["https"];
         // });
 
+        builder.Services.AddSingleton<IClock>(SystemClock.Instance);
+
         builder.AddNatsClient("queue");
-        builder.AddRedisClient("cache", configureOptions: opts =>
+        builder.AddRedisClient("cache", configureOptions: opts => { opts.AbortOnConnectFail = false; });
+
+        // Setup cache service
+        builder.Services.AddStackExchangeRedisCache(options =>
         {
-            opts.AbortOnConnectFail = false;
+            options.Configuration = builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("cache");
+            options.InstanceName = "dyson:";
         });
+        builder.Services.AddSingleton<IDistributedLockFactory, RedLockFactory>(sp =>
+        {
+            var mux = sp.GetRequiredService<IConnectionMultiplexer>();
+            return RedLockFactory.Create(new List<RedLockMultiplexer> { new(mux) });
+        });
+        builder.Services.AddSingleton<ICacheService, CacheServiceRedis>();
+        if (builder.Configuration.GetSection("Cache")["Serializer"] == "MessagePack")
+            builder.Services.AddSingleton<ICacheSerializer, MessagePackCacheSerializer>();
+        else
+            builder.Services.AddSingleton<ICacheSerializer, JsonCacheSerializer>();
 
         return builder;
     }

DysonNetwork.Shared/Models/Account.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+using MessagePack;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 using NodaTime;
 using NodaTime.Serialization.Protobuf;
@@ -26,13 +27,13 @@ public class SnAccount : ModelBase
     public ICollection<SnAccountContact> Contacts { get; set; } = [];
     public ICollection<SnAccountBadge> Badges { get; set; } = [];
 
-    [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnAccountAuthFactor> AuthFactors { get; set; } = [];
-    [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnAccountConnection> Connections { get; set; } = [];
-    [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnAuthSession> Sessions { get; set; } = [];
-    [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnAuthChallenge> Challenges { get; set; } = [];
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnAccountAuthFactor> AuthFactors { get; set; } = [];
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnAccountConnection> Connections { get; set; } = [];
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnAuthSession> Sessions { get; set; } = [];
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnAuthChallenge> Challenges { get; set; } = [];
 
-    [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnAccountRelationship> OutgoingRelationships { get; set; } = [];
-    [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnAccountRelationship> IncomingRelationships { get; set; } = [];
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnAccountRelationship> OutgoingRelationships { get; set; } = [];
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnAccountRelationship> IncomingRelationships { get; set; } = [];
 
     [NotMapped] public SnSubscriptionReferenceObject? PerkSubscription { get; set; }
 
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ public class SnAccountProfile : ModelBase, IIdentifiedResource
     [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public SnCloudFileReferenceObject? Background { get; set; }
 
     public Guid AccountId { get; set; }
-    [JsonIgnore] public SnAccount Account { get; set; } = null!;
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public SnAccount Account { get; set; } = null!;
 
     public Proto.AccountProfile ToProtoValue()
     {
@@ -331,7 +332,7 @@ public class SnAccountContact : ModelBase
     [MaxLength(1024)] public string Content { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
     public Guid AccountId { get; set; }
-    [JsonIgnore] public SnAccount Account { get; set; } = null!;
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public SnAccount Account { get; set; } = null!;
 
     public Proto.AccountContact ToProtoValue()
     {

DysonNetwork.Shared/Models/AuthSession.cs

@@ -2,47 +2,80 @@ using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.GeoIp;
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Proto;
 using NodaTime;
 using NodaTime.Serialization.Protobuf;
 
 namespace DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
 
-public class SnAuthSession : ModelBase
-{
-    public Guid Id { get; set; } = Guid.NewGuid();
-    public Instant? LastGrantedAt { get; set; }
-    public Instant? ExpiredAt { get; set; }
-
-    public Guid AccountId { get; set; }
-    [JsonIgnore] public SnAccount Account { get; set; } = null!;
-
-    // When the challenge is null, indicates the session is for an API Key
-    public Guid? ChallengeId { get; set; }
-    public SnAuthChallenge? Challenge { get; set; } = null!;
-
-    // Indicates the session is for an OIDC connection
-    public Guid? AppId { get; set; }
-
-    public Proto.AuthSession ToProtoValue() => new()
-    {
-        Id = Id.ToString(),
-        LastGrantedAt = LastGrantedAt?.ToTimestamp(),
-        ExpiredAt = ExpiredAt?.ToTimestamp(),
-        AccountId = AccountId.ToString(),
-        Account = Account.ToProtoValue(),
-        ChallengeId = ChallengeId.ToString(),
-        Challenge = Challenge?.ToProtoValue(),
-        AppId = AppId?.ToString()
-    };
-}
-
-public enum ChallengeType
+public enum SessionType
 {
     Login,
     OAuth, // Trying to authorize other platforms
     Oidc // Trying to connect other platforms
 }
 
+public class SnAuthSession : ModelBase
+{
+    public Guid Id { get; set; } = Guid.NewGuid();
+    public SessionType Type { get; set; } = SessionType.Login;
+    public Instant? LastGrantedAt { get; set; }
+    public Instant? ExpiredAt { get; set; }
+    
+    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public List<string> Audiences { get; set; } = [];
+    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public List<string> Scopes { get; set; } = [];
+    [MaxLength(128)] public string? IpAddress { get; set; }
+    [MaxLength(512)] public string? UserAgent { get; set; }
+    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public GeoPoint? Location { get; set; }
+
+    public Guid AccountId { get; set; }
+    [JsonIgnore] public SnAccount Account { get; set; } = null!;
+
+    // The client device for this session
+    public Guid? ClientId { get; set; }
+    public SnAuthClient? Client { get; set; } = null!;
+    
+    // For sub-sessions (e.g. OAuth)
+    public Guid? ParentSessionId { get; set; }
+    public SnAuthSession? ParentSession { get; set; }
+
+    // The origin challenge for this session
+    public Guid? ChallengeId { get; set; }
+
+    // Indicates the session is for an OIDC connection
+    public Guid? AppId { get; set; }
+
+    public AuthSession ToProtoValue()
+    {
+        var proto = new AuthSession
+        {
+            Id = Id.ToString(),
+            LastGrantedAt = LastGrantedAt?.ToTimestamp(),
+            Type = Type switch
+            {
+                SessionType.Login => Proto.SessionType.Login,
+                SessionType.OAuth => Proto.SessionType.Oauth,
+                SessionType.Oidc => Proto.SessionType.Oidc,
+                _ => Proto.SessionType.ChallengeTypeUnspecified
+            },
+            IpAddress = IpAddress,
+            UserAgent = UserAgent,
+            ExpiredAt = ExpiredAt?.ToTimestamp(),
+            AccountId = AccountId.ToString(),
+            Account = Account.ToProtoValue(),
+            ClientId = ClientId.ToString(),
+            Client = Client?.ToProtoValue(),
+            ParentSessionId = ParentSessionId.ToString(),
+            AppId = AppId?.ToString()
+        };
+        
+        proto.Audiences.AddRange(Audiences);
+        proto.Scopes.AddRange(Scopes);
+
+        return proto;
+    }
+}
+
 public enum ClientPlatform
 {
     Unidentified,
@@ -61,19 +94,19 @@ public class SnAuthChallenge : ModelBase
     public int StepRemain { get; set; }
     public int StepTotal { get; set; }
     public int FailedAttempts { get; set; }
-    public ChallengeType Type { get; set; } = ChallengeType.Login;
-    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public List<Guid> BlacklistFactors { get; set; } = new();
-    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public List<string> Audiences { get; set; } = new();
-    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public List<string> Scopes { get; set; } = new();
+    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public List<Guid> BlacklistFactors { get; set; } = [];
+    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public List<string> Audiences { get; set; } = [];
+    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public List<string> Scopes { get; set; } = [];
     [MaxLength(128)] public string? IpAddress { get; set; }
     [MaxLength(512)] public string? UserAgent { get; set; }
+    [MaxLength(512)] public string DeviceId { get; set; } = null!;
+    [MaxLength(1024)] public string? DeviceName { get; set; }
+    public ClientPlatform Platform { get; set; }
     [MaxLength(1024)] public string? Nonce { get; set; }
     [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public GeoPoint? Location { get; set; }
 
     public Guid AccountId { get; set; }
     [JsonIgnore] public SnAccount Account { get; set; } = null!;
-    public Guid? ClientId { get; set; }
-    public SnAuthClient? Client { get; set; } = null!;
 
     public SnAuthChallenge Normalize()
     {
@@ -81,20 +114,19 @@ public class SnAuthChallenge : ModelBase
         return this;
     }
 
-    public Proto.AuthChallenge ToProtoValue() => new()
+    public AuthChallenge ToProtoValue() => new()
     {
         Id = Id.ToString(),
         ExpiredAt = ExpiredAt?.ToTimestamp(),
         StepRemain = StepRemain,
         StepTotal = StepTotal,
         FailedAttempts = FailedAttempts,
-        Type = (Proto.ChallengeType)Type,
         BlacklistFactors = { BlacklistFactors.Select(x => x.ToString()) },
         Audiences = { Audiences },
         Scopes = { Scopes },
         IpAddress = IpAddress,
         UserAgent = UserAgent,
-        DeviceId = Client!.DeviceId,
+        DeviceId = DeviceId,
         Nonce = Nonce,
         AccountId = AccountId.ToString()
     };
@@ -110,15 +142,25 @@ public class SnAuthClient : ModelBase
 
     public Guid AccountId { get; set; }
     [JsonIgnore] public SnAccount Account { get; set; } = null!;
+    
+    public Proto.AuthClient ToProtoValue() => new()
+    {
+        Id = Id.ToString(),
+        Platform = (Proto.ClientPlatform)Platform,
+        DeviceName = DeviceName,
+        DeviceLabel = DeviceLabel,
+        DeviceId = DeviceId,
+        AccountId = AccountId.ToString()
+    };
 }
 
-public class SnAuthClientWithChallenge : SnAuthClient
+public class SnAuthClientWithSessions : SnAuthClient
 {
-    public List<SnAuthChallenge> Challenges { get; set; } = [];
+    public List<SnAuthSession> Sessions { get; set; } = [];
 
-    public static SnAuthClientWithChallenge FromClient(SnAuthClient client)
+    public static SnAuthClientWithSessions FromClient(SnAuthClient client)
     {
-        return new SnAuthClientWithChallenge
+        return new SnAuthClientWithSessions
         {
             Id = client.Id,
             Platform = client.Platform,

DysonNetwork.Shared/Models/Badge.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Proto;
+using MessagePack;
 using NodaTime;
 using NodaTime.Serialization.Protobuf;
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ public class SnAccountBadge : ModelBase
     public Instant? ExpiredAt { get; set; }
 
     public Guid AccountId { get; set; }
-    [JsonIgnore] public SnAccount Account { get; set; } = null!;
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public SnAccount Account { get; set; } = null!;
 
     public SnAccountBadgeRef ToReference()
     {

DysonNetwork.Shared/Models/ChatRoom.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+using MessagePack;
 using NodaTime;
 
 namespace DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
@@ -8,25 +9,40 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
 public enum ChatRoomType
 {
     Group,
-    DirectMessage
+    DirectMessage,
 }
 
 public class SnChatRoom : ModelBase, IIdentifiedResource
 {
     public Guid Id { get; set; }
-    [MaxLength(1024)] public string? Name { get; set; }
-    [MaxLength(4096)] public string? Description { get; set; }
+
+    [MaxLength(1024)]
+    public string? Name { get; set; }
+
+    [MaxLength(4096)]
+    public string? Description { get; set; }
     public ChatRoomType Type { get; set; }
     public bool IsCommunity { get; set; }
     public bool IsPublic { get; set; }
 
-    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public SnCloudFileReferenceObject? Picture { get; set; }
-    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public SnCloudFileReferenceObject? Background { get; set; }
+    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")]
+    public SnCloudFileReferenceObject? Picture { get; set; }
 
-    [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnChatMember> Members { get; set; } = new List<SnChatMember>();
+    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")]
+    public SnCloudFileReferenceObject? Background { get; set; }
 
+    [IgnoreMember]
+    [JsonIgnore]
+    public ICollection<SnChatMember> Members { get; set; } = new List<SnChatMember>();
+
+    public Guid? AccountId { get; set; }
+
+    [NotMapped]
+    public SnAccount? Account { get; set; }
     public Guid? RealmId { get; set; }
-    [NotMapped] public SnRealm? Realm { get; set; }
+
+    [NotMapped]
+    public SnRealm? Realm { get; set; }
 
     [NotMapped]
     [JsonPropertyName("members")]
@@ -36,18 +52,11 @@ public class SnChatRoom : ModelBase, IIdentifiedResource
     public string ResourceIdentifier => $"chatroom:{Id}";
 }
 
-public abstract class ChatMemberRole
-{
-    public const int Owner = 100;
-    public const int Moderator = 50;
-    public const int Member = 0;
-}
-
 public enum ChatMemberNotify
 {
     All,
     Mentions,
-    None
+    None,
 }
 
 public enum ChatTimeoutCauseType
@@ -58,8 +67,11 @@ public enum ChatTimeoutCauseType
 
 public class ChatTimeoutCause
 {
+    [MaxLength(4096)]
+    public string? Reason { get; set; } = null;
     public ChatTimeoutCauseType Type { get; set; }
     public Guid? SenderId { get; set; }
+    public Instant? Since { get; set; }
 }
 
 public class SnChatMember : ModelBase
@@ -68,32 +80,48 @@ public class SnChatMember : ModelBase
     public Guid ChatRoomId { get; set; }
     public SnChatRoom ChatRoom { get; set; } = null!;
     public Guid AccountId { get; set; }
-    [NotMapped] public SnAccount? Account { get; set; }
-    [NotMapped] public SnAccountStatus? Status { get; set; }
 
-    [MaxLength(1024)] public string? Nick { get; set; }
+    [NotMapped]
+    public SnAccount? Account { get; set; }
+
+    [NotMapped]
+    public SnAccountStatus? Status { get; set; }
+
+    [MaxLength(1024)]
+    public string? Nick { get; set; }
 
-    public int Role { get; set; } = ChatMemberRole.Member;
     public ChatMemberNotify Notify { get; set; } = ChatMemberNotify.All;
     public Instant? LastReadAt { get; set; }
     public Instant? JoinedAt { get; set; }
     public Instant? LeaveAt { get; set; }
-    public bool IsBot { get; set; } = false;
+
+    public Guid? InvitedById { get; set; }
+    public SnChatMember? InvitedBy { get; set; }
+
+    // Backwards support field
+    [NotMapped]
+    public int Role { get; } = 0;
+
+    [NotMapped]
+    public bool IsBot { get; } = false;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// The break time is the user doesn't receive any message from this member for a while.
     /// Expect mentioned him or her.
     /// </summary>
     public Instant? BreakUntil { get; set; }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// The timeout is the user can't send any message.
     /// Set by the moderator of the chat room.
     /// </summary>
     public Instant? TimeoutUntil { get; set; }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// The timeout cause is the reason why the user is timeout.
     /// </summary>
-    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public ChatTimeoutCause? TimeoutCause { get; set; }
+    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")]
+    public ChatTimeoutCause? TimeoutCause { get; set; }
 }
 
 public class ChatMemberTransmissionObject : ModelBase
@@ -101,20 +129,31 @@ public class ChatMemberTransmissionObject : ModelBase
     public Guid Id { get; set; }
     public Guid ChatRoomId { get; set; }
     public Guid AccountId { get; set; }
-    [NotMapped] public SnAccount Account { get; set; } = null!;
 
-    [MaxLength(1024)] public string? Nick { get; set; }
+    [NotMapped]
+    public SnAccount Account { get; set; } = null!;
+
+    [MaxLength(1024)]
+    public string? Nick { get; set; }
 
-    public int Role { get; set; } = ChatMemberRole.Member;
     public ChatMemberNotify Notify { get; set; } = ChatMemberNotify.All;
     public Instant? JoinedAt { get; set; }
     public Instant? LeaveAt { get; set; }
-    public bool IsBot { get; set; } = false;
+
+    public Guid? InvitedById { get; set; }
+    public SnChatMember? InvitedBy { get; set; }
 
     public Instant? BreakUntil { get; set; }
     public Instant? TimeoutUntil { get; set; }
     public ChatTimeoutCause? TimeoutCause { get; set; }
 
+    // Backwards support field
+    [NotMapped]
+    public int Role { get; } = 0;
+
+    [NotMapped]
+    public bool IsBot { get; } = false;
+
     public static ChatMemberTransmissionObject FromEntity(SnChatMember member)
     {
         return new ChatMemberTransmissionObject
@@ -124,17 +163,17 @@ public class ChatMemberTransmissionObject : ModelBase
             AccountId = member.AccountId,
             Account = member.Account!,
             Nick = member.Nick,
-            Role = member.Role,
             Notify = member.Notify,
             JoinedAt = member.JoinedAt,
             LeaveAt = member.LeaveAt,
-            IsBot = member.IsBot,
             BreakUntil = member.BreakUntil,
             TimeoutUntil = member.TimeoutUntil,
             TimeoutCause = member.TimeoutCause,
+            InvitedById = member.InvitedById,
+            InvitedBy = member.InvitedBy,
             CreatedAt = member.CreatedAt,
             UpdatedAt = member.UpdatedAt,
-            DeletedAt = member.DeletedAt
+            DeletedAt = member.DeletedAt,
         };
     }
 }

DysonNetwork.Shared/Models/CloudFile.cs

@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ public class SnCloudFileReference : ModelBase
     /// <returns>The protobuf message representation of this object</returns>
     public CloudFileReference ToProtoValue()
     {
-        return new Proto.CloudFileReference
+        return new CloudFileReference
         {
             Id = Id.ToString(),
             FileId = FileId,

DysonNetwork.Shared/Models/CustomApp.cs

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public class SnCustomApp : ModelBase, IIdentifiedResource
     [NotMapped]
     public SnDeveloper Developer => Project.Developer;
 
-    [NotMapped] public string ResourceIdentifier => "custom-app:" + Id;
+    [NotMapped] public string ResourceIdentifier => "developer.app:" + Id;
 
     public Proto.CustomApp ToProto()
     {

DysonNetwork.Shared/Models/FilePool.cs

@@ -50,5 +50,5 @@ public class FilePool : ModelBase, IIdentifiedResource
 
     public Guid? AccountId { get; set; }
 
-    public string ResourceIdentifier => $"file-pool/{Id}";
+    public string ResourceIdentifier => $"file.pool:{Id}";
 }

DysonNetwork.Shared/Models/MagicSpell.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ public enum MagicSpellType
     AccountDeactivation,
     AccountRemoval,
     AuthPasswordReset,
-    ContactVerification,
+    ContactVerification
 }
 
 [Index(nameof(Spell), IsUnique = true)]
@@ -28,3 +28,39 @@ public class SnMagicSpell : ModelBase
     public Guid? AccountId { get; set; }
     public SnAccount? Account { get; set; }
 }
+
+public enum AffiliationSpellType
+{
+    RegistrationInvite
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Different from the magic spell, this is for the regeneration invite and other marketing usage.
+/// </summary>
+[Index(nameof(Spell), IsUnique = true)]
+public class SnAffiliationSpell : ModelBase
+{
+    public Guid Id { get; set; } = Guid.NewGuid();
+    [MaxLength(1024)] public string Spell { get; set; } = null!;
+    public AffiliationSpellType Type { get; set; }
+    public Instant? ExpiresAt { get; set; }
+    public Instant? AffectedAt { get; set; }
+    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public Dictionary<string, object> Meta { get; set; } = new();
+
+    public List<SnAffiliationResult> Results = [];
+    
+    public Guid? AccountId { get; set; }
+    public SnAccount? Account { get; set; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// The record for who used the affiliation spells
+/// </summary>
+public class SnAffiliationResult : ModelBase
+{
+    public Guid Id { get; set; } = Guid.NewGuid();
+    [MaxLength(8192)] public string ResourceIdentifier { get; set; } = null!;
+    
+    public Guid SpellId { get; set; }
+    [JsonIgnore] public SnAffiliationSpell Spell { get; set; } = null!;
+}

DysonNetwork.Shared/Models/Permission.cs

@@ -8,6 +8,12 @@ using NodaTime.Serialization.Protobuf;
 
 namespace DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
 
+public enum PermissionNodeActorType
+{
+    Account,
+    Group
+}
+
 /// The permission node model provides the infrastructure of permission control in Dyson Network.
 /// It based on the ABAC permission model.
 /// 
@@ -19,12 +25,12 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
 /// And the actor shows who owns the permission, in most cases, the user:<userId>
 /// and when the permission node has a GroupId, the actor will be set to the group, but it won't work on checking
 /// expect the member of that permission group inherent the permission from the group.
-[Index(nameof(Key), nameof(Area), nameof(Actor))]
+[Index(nameof(Key), nameof(Actor))]
 public class SnPermissionNode : ModelBase, IDisposable
 {
     public Guid Id { get; set; } = Guid.NewGuid();
+    public PermissionNodeActorType Type { get; set; } = PermissionNodeActorType.Account;
     [MaxLength(1024)] public string Actor { get; set; } = null!;
-    [MaxLength(1024)] public string Area { get; set; } = null!;
     [MaxLength(1024)] public string Key { get; set; } = null!;
     [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public JsonDocument Value { get; set; } = null!;
     public Instant? ExpiredAt { get; set; } = null;
@@ -39,7 +45,12 @@ public class SnPermissionNode : ModelBase, IDisposable
         {
             Id = Id.ToString(),
             Actor = Actor,
-            Area = Area,
+            Type = Type switch
+            {
+                PermissionNodeActorType.Account => Proto.PermissionNodeActorType.Account,
+                PermissionNodeActorType.Group => Proto.PermissionNodeActorType.Group,
+                _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
+            },
             Key = Key,
             Value = Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value.Parser.ParseJson(Value.RootElement.GetRawText()),
             ExpiredAt = ExpiredAt?.ToTimestamp(),
@@ -48,6 +59,16 @@ public class SnPermissionNode : ModelBase, IDisposable
         };
     }
 
+    public static PermissionNodeActorType ConvertProtoActorType(Proto.PermissionNodeActorType? val)
+    {
+        return val switch
+        {
+            Proto.PermissionNodeActorType.Account => PermissionNodeActorType.Account,
+            Proto.PermissionNodeActorType.Group => PermissionNodeActorType.Group,
+            _ => PermissionNodeActorType.Account
+        };
+    }
+
     public void Dispose()
     {
         Value.Dispose();

DysonNetwork.Shared/Models/Publisher.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Proto;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+using MessagePack;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 using NodaTime;
 using NodaTime.Extensions;
@@ -29,11 +31,11 @@ public class SnPublisher : ModelBase, IIdentifiedResource
 
     [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public SnVerificationMark? Verification { get; set; }
 
-    [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnPost> Posts { get; set; } = [];
-    [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnPoll> Polls { get; set; } = [];
-    [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnPostCollection> Collections { get; set; } = [];
-    [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnPublisherMember> Members { get; set; } = [];
-    [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnPublisherFeature> Features { get; set; } = [];
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnPost> Posts { get; set; } = [];
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnPoll> Polls { get; set; } = [];
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnPostCollection> Collections { get; set; } = [];
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnPublisherMember> Members { get; set; } = [];
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnPublisherFeature> Features { get; set; } = [];
 
     [JsonIgnore]
     public ICollection<SnPublisherSubscription> Subscriptions { get; set; } = [];
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ public class SnPublisher : ModelBase, IIdentifiedResource
 
     public string ResourceIdentifier => $"publisher:{Id}";
 
-    public static SnPublisher FromProtoValue(Proto.Publisher proto)
+    public static SnPublisher FromProtoValue(Publisher proto)
     {
         var publisher = new SnPublisher
         {
@@ -87,25 +89,25 @@ public class SnPublisher : ModelBase, IIdentifiedResource
         return publisher;
     }
 
-    public Proto.Publisher ToProtoValue()
+    public Publisher ToProtoValue()
     {
-        var p = new Proto.Publisher()
+        var p = new Publisher
         {
             Id = Id.ToString(),
             Type = Type == PublisherType.Individual
-                ? Shared.Proto.PublisherType.PubIndividual
-                : Shared.Proto.PublisherType.PubOrganizational,
+                ? Proto.PublisherType.PubIndividual
+                : Proto.PublisherType.PubOrganizational,
             Name = Name,
             Nick = Nick,
             Bio = Bio,
             AccountId = AccountId?.ToString() ?? string.Empty,
             RealmId = RealmId?.ToString() ?? string.Empty,
-            CreatedAt = Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp.FromDateTimeOffset(CreatedAt.ToDateTimeOffset()),
-            UpdatedAt = Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp.FromDateTimeOffset(UpdatedAt.ToDateTimeOffset())
+            CreatedAt = Timestamp.FromDateTimeOffset(CreatedAt.ToDateTimeOffset()),
+            UpdatedAt = Timestamp.FromDateTimeOffset(UpdatedAt.ToDateTimeOffset())
         };
         if (Picture is not null)
         {
-            p.Picture = new Proto.CloudFile
+            p.Picture = new CloudFile
             {
                 Id = Picture.Id,
                 Name = Picture.Name,
@@ -117,7 +119,7 @@ public class SnPublisher : ModelBase, IIdentifiedResource
 
         if (Background is not null)
         {
-            p.Background = new Proto.CloudFile
+            p.Background = new CloudFile
             {
                 Id = Background.Id,
                 Name = Background.Name,

DysonNetwork.Shared/Models/Realm.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Proto;
+using MessagePack;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 using NodaTime;
 using NodaTime.Serialization.Protobuf;
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ public class SnRealm : ModelBase, IIdentifiedResource
 
     [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public SnVerificationMark? Verification { get; set; }
 
-    [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnRealmMember> Members { get; set; } = new List<SnRealmMember>();
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public ICollection<SnRealmMember> Members { get; set; } = new List<SnRealmMember>();
 
     public Guid AccountId { get; set; }
 

DysonNetwork.Shared/Models/Sticker.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+using MessagePack;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 
 namespace DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
@@ -9,32 +10,34 @@ namespace DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
 public class SnSticker : ModelBase, IIdentifiedResource
 {
     public Guid Id { get; set; } = Guid.NewGuid();
+
     [MaxLength(128)] public string Slug { get; set; } = null!;
-
-    // Outdated fields, for backward compability
-    [MaxLength(32)] public string? ImageId { get; set; }
-
-    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public SnCloudFileReferenceObject? Image { get; set; } = null!;
+    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public SnCloudFileReferenceObject Image { get; set; } = null!;
 
     public Guid PackId { get; set; }
-    [JsonIgnore] public StickerPack Pack { get; set; } = null!;
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public StickerPack Pack { get; set; } = null!;
 
-    public string ResourceIdentifier => $"sticker/{Id}";
+    public string ResourceIdentifier => $"sticker:{Id}";
 }
 
 [Index(nameof(Prefix), IsUnique = true)]
-public class StickerPack : ModelBase
+public class StickerPack : ModelBase, IIdentifiedResource
 {
     public Guid Id { get; set; } = Guid.NewGuid();
+
+    [Column(TypeName = "jsonb")] public SnCloudFileReferenceObject? Icon { get; set; }
     [MaxLength(1024)] public string Name { get; set; } = null!;
     [MaxLength(4096)] public string Description { get; set; } = string.Empty;
     [MaxLength(128)] public string Prefix { get; set; } = null!;
 
     public List<SnSticker> Stickers { get; set; } = [];
-    [JsonIgnore] public List<StickerPackOwnership> Ownerships { get; set; } = [];
+
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public List<StickerPackOwnership> Ownerships { get; set; } = [];
 
     public Guid PublisherId { get; set; }
     public SnPublisher Publisher { get; set; } = null!;
+    
+    public string ResourceIdentifier => $"sticker.pack:{Id}";
 }
 
 public class StickerPackOwnership : ModelBase
@@ -44,5 +47,6 @@ public class StickerPackOwnership : ModelBase
     public Guid PackId { get; set; }
     public StickerPack Pack { get; set; } = null!;
     public Guid AccountId { get; set; }
+
     [NotMapped] public SnAccount Account { get; set; } = null!;
 }

DysonNetwork.Shared/Models/Wallet.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 using System.Globalization;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+using MessagePack;
 using NodaTime;
 using NodaTime.Serialization.Protobuf;
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ public class SnWalletPocket : ModelBase
     public decimal Amount { get; set; }
 
     public Guid WalletId { get; set; }
-    [JsonIgnore] public SnWallet Wallet { get; set; } = null!;
+    [IgnoreMember] [JsonIgnore] public SnWallet Wallet { get; set; } = null!;
 
     public Proto.WalletPocket ToProtoValue() => new()
     {

DysonNetwork.Shared/Proto/auth.proto

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
 import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
 import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
 
-import 'account.proto';
+import "account.proto";
 
 // Represents a user session
 message AuthSession {
@@ -17,9 +17,15 @@ message AuthSession {
     optional google.protobuf.Timestamp expired_at = 4;
     string account_id = 5;
     Account account = 6;
-  string challenge_id = 7;
-  AuthChallenge challenge = 8;
     google.protobuf.StringValue app_id = 9;
+    optional string client_id = 10;
+    optional string parent_session_id = 11;
+    AuthClient client = 12;
+    repeated string audiences = 13;
+    repeated string scopes = 14;
+    google.protobuf.StringValue ip_address = 15;
+    google.protobuf.StringValue user_agent = 16;
+    SessionType type = 17;
 }
 
 // Represents an authentication challenge
@@ -29,7 +35,6 @@ message AuthChallenge {
     int32 step_remain = 3;
     int32 step_total = 4;
     int32 failed_attempts = 5;
-  ChallengeType type = 7;
     repeated string blacklist_factors = 8;
     repeated string audiences = 9;
     repeated string scopes = 10;
@@ -39,19 +44,30 @@ message AuthChallenge {
     google.protobuf.StringValue nonce = 14;
     // Point location is omitted as there is no direct proto equivalent.
     string account_id = 15;
+    google.protobuf.StringValue device_name = 16;
+    ClientPlatform platform = 17;
+}
+
+message AuthClient {
+    string id = 1;
+    ClientPlatform platform = 2;
+    google.protobuf.StringValue device_name = 3;
+    google.protobuf.StringValue device_label = 4;
+    string device_id = 5;
+    string account_id = 6;
 }
 
 // Enum for challenge types
-enum ChallengeType {
+enum SessionType {
     CHALLENGE_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
     LOGIN = 1;
     OAUTH = 2;
     OIDC = 3;
 }
 
-// Enum for challenge platforms
-enum ChallengePlatform {
-  CHALLENGE_PLATFORM_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+// Enum for client platforms
+enum ClientPlatform {
+    CLIENT_PLATFORM_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
     UNIDENTIFIED = 1;
     WEB = 2;
     IOS = 3;
@@ -92,11 +108,16 @@ message ValidateResponse {
     bool valid = 1;
 }
 
+enum PermissionNodeActorType {
+    ACCOUNT = 0;
+    GROUP = 1;
+}
+
 // Permission related messages and services
 message PermissionNode {
     string id = 1;
     string actor = 2;
-  string area = 3;
+    PermissionNodeActorType type = 3;
     string key = 4;
     google.protobuf.Value value = 5; // Using Value to represent generic type
     google.protobuf.Timestamp expired_at = 6;
@@ -112,8 +133,8 @@ message PermissionGroup {
 
 message HasPermissionRequest {
     string actor = 1;
-  string area = 2;
-  string key = 3;
+    string key = 2;
+    optional PermissionNodeActorType type = 3;
 }
 
 message HasPermissionResponse {
@@ -122,7 +143,7 @@ message HasPermissionResponse {
 
 message GetPermissionRequest {
     string actor = 1;
-  string area = 2;
+    optional PermissionNodeActorType type = 2;
     string key = 3;
 }
 
@@ -132,7 +153,7 @@ message GetPermissionResponse {
 
 message AddPermissionNodeRequest {
     string actor = 1;
-  string area = 2;
+    optional PermissionNodeActorType type = 2;
     string key = 3;
     google.protobuf.Value value = 4;
     google.protobuf.Timestamp expired_at = 5;
@@ -146,7 +167,7 @@ message AddPermissionNodeResponse {
 message AddPermissionNodeToGroupRequest {
     PermissionGroup group = 1;
     string actor = 2;
-  string area = 3;
+    optional PermissionNodeActorType type = 3;
     string key = 4;
     google.protobuf.Value value = 5;
     google.protobuf.Timestamp expired_at = 6;
@@ -159,7 +180,7 @@ message AddPermissionNodeToGroupResponse {
 
 message RemovePermissionNodeRequest {
     string actor = 1;
-  string area = 2;
+    optional PermissionNodeActorType type = 2;
     string key = 3;
 }
 
@@ -170,7 +191,6 @@ message RemovePermissionNodeResponse {
 message RemovePermissionNodeFromGroupRequest {
     PermissionGroup group = 1;
     string actor = 2;
-  string area = 3;
     string key = 4;
 }
 
@@ -184,6 +204,7 @@ service PermissionService {
     rpc AddPermissionNode(AddPermissionNodeRequest) returns (AddPermissionNodeResponse) {}
     rpc AddPermissionNodeToGroup(AddPermissionNodeToGroupRequest) returns (AddPermissionNodeToGroupResponse) {}
     rpc RemovePermissionNode(RemovePermissionNodeRequest) returns (RemovePermissionNodeResponse) {}
-  rpc RemovePermissionNodeFromGroup(RemovePermissionNodeFromGroupRequest) returns (RemovePermissionNodeFromGroupResponse) {}
+    rpc RemovePermissionNodeFromGroup(RemovePermissionNodeFromGroupRequest)
+        returns (RemovePermissionNodeFromGroupResponse) {}
 }
 

DysonNetwork.Sphere/Chat/ChatController.cs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ using Grpc.Core;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+using NodaTime;
 
 namespace DysonNetwork.Sphere.Chat;
 
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ public partial class ChatController(
                 .Where(m => m.AccountId == accountId && m.ChatRoomId == roomId && m.JoinedAt != null &&
                             m.LeaveAt == null)
                 .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
-            if (member == null || member.Role < ChatMemberRole.Member)
+            if (member == null)
                 return StatusCode(403, "You are not a member of this chat room.");
         }
 
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ public partial class ChatController(
                 .Where(m => m.AccountId == accountId && m.ChatRoomId == roomId && m.JoinedAt != null &&
                             m.LeaveAt == null)
                 .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
-            if (member == null || member.Role < ChatMemberRole.Member)
+            if (member == null)
                 return StatusCode(403, "You are not a member of this chat room.");
         }
 
@@ -242,10 +243,11 @@ public partial class ChatController(
 
     [HttpPost("{roomId:guid}/messages")]
     [Authorize]
-    [RequiredPermission("global", "chat.messages.create")]
+    [AskPermission("chat.messages.create")]
     public async Task<ActionResult> SendMessage([FromBody] SendMessageRequest request, Guid roomId)
     {
         if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+        var accountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id);
 
         request.Content = TextSanitizer.Sanitize(request.Content);
         if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(request.Content) &&
@@ -254,9 +256,12 @@ public partial class ChatController(
             !request.PollId.HasValue)
             return BadRequest("You cannot send an empty message.");
 
-        var member = await crs.GetRoomMember(Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id), roomId);
-        if (member == null || member.Role < ChatMemberRole.Member)
-            return StatusCode(403, "You need to be a normal member to send messages here.");
+        var now = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
+        var member = await crs.GetRoomMember(accountId, roomId);
+        if (member == null)
+            return StatusCode(403, "You need to be a member to send messages here.");
+        if (member.TimeoutUntil.HasValue && member.TimeoutUntil.Value > now)
+            return StatusCode(403, "You has been timed out in this chat.");
 
         // Validate fund if provided
         if (request.FundId.HasValue)
@@ -382,6 +387,7 @@ public partial class ChatController(
     public async Task<ActionResult> UpdateMessage([FromBody] SendMessageRequest request, Guid roomId, Guid messageId)
     {
         if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+        var accountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id);
 
         request.Content = TextSanitizer.Sanitize(request.Content);
 
@@ -392,9 +398,11 @@ public partial class ChatController(
 
         if (message == null) return NotFound();
 
-        var accountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id);
+        var now = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
         if (message.Sender.AccountId != accountId)
             return StatusCode(403, "You can only edit your own messages.");
+        if (message.Sender.TimeoutUntil.HasValue && message.Sender.TimeoutUntil.Value > now)
+            return StatusCode(403, "You has been timed out in this chat.");
 
         if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(request.Content) &&
             (request.AttachmentsId == null || request.AttachmentsId.Count == 0) &&
@@ -402,23 +410,6 @@ public partial class ChatController(
             !request.PollId.HasValue)
             return BadRequest("You cannot send an empty message.");
 
-        // Validate reply and forward message IDs exist
-        if (request.RepliedMessageId.HasValue)
-        {
-            var repliedMessage = await db.ChatMessages
-                .FirstOrDefaultAsync(m => m.Id == request.RepliedMessageId.Value && m.ChatRoomId == roomId);
-            if (repliedMessage == null)
-                return BadRequest("The message you're replying to does not exist.");
-        }
-
-        if (request.ForwardedMessageId.HasValue)
-        {
-            var forwardedMessage = await db.ChatMessages
-                .FirstOrDefaultAsync(m => m.Id == request.ForwardedMessageId.Value);
-            if (forwardedMessage == null)
-                return BadRequest("The message you're forwarding does not exist.");
-        }
-
         // Update mentions based on new content and references
         var updatedMentions = await ExtractMentionedUsersAsync(request.Content, request.RepliedMessageId,
             request.ForwardedMessageId, roomId, accountId);

DysonNetwork.Sphere/Chat/ChatRoomController.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ using DysonNetwork.Shared.Auth;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Proto;
 using DysonNetwork.Shared.Registry;
 using DysonNetwork.Sphere.Localization;
-
 using Grpc.Core;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Localization;
@@ -80,6 +79,7 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
     {
         if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser)
             return Unauthorized();
+        var accountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id);
 
         var relatedUser = await accounts.GetAccountAsync(
             new GetAccountRequest { Id = request.RelatedUserId.ToString() }
@@ -112,18 +112,17 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
         {
             Type = ChatRoomType.DirectMessage,
             IsPublic = false,
+            AccountId = accountId,
             Members = new List<SnChatMember>
             {
                 new()
                 {
-                    AccountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id),
-                    Role = ChatMemberRole.Owner,
-                    JoinedAt = Instant.FromDateTimeUtc(DateTime.UtcNow)
+                    AccountId = accountId,
+                    JoinedAt = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant()
                 },
                 new()
                 {
                     AccountId = request.RelatedUserId,
-                    Role = ChatMemberRole.Member,
                     JoinedAt = null, // Pending status
                 }
             }
@@ -154,11 +153,12 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
     {
         if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser)
             return Unauthorized();
+        var currentId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id);
 
         var room = await db.ChatRooms
             .Include(c => c.Members)
             .Where(c => c.Type == ChatRoomType.DirectMessage && c.Members.Count == 2)
-            .Where(c => c.Members.Any(m => m.AccountId == Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id)))
+            .Where(c => c.Members.Any(m => m.AccountId == currentId))
             .Where(c => c.Members.Any(m => m.AccountId == accountId))
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
         if (room is null) return NotFound();
@@ -179,11 +179,12 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
 
     [HttpPost]
     [Authorize]
-    [RequiredPermission("global", "chat.create")]
+    [AskPermission("chat.create")]
     public async Task<ActionResult<SnChatRoom>> CreateChatRoom(ChatRoomRequest request)
     {
-        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Shared.Proto.Account currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser) return Unauthorized();
         if (request.Name is null) return BadRequest("You cannot create a chat room without a name.");
+        var accountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id);
 
         var chatRoom = new SnChatRoom
         {
@@ -192,13 +193,13 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
             IsCommunity = request.IsCommunity ?? false,
             IsPublic = request.IsPublic ?? false,
             Type = ChatRoomType.Group,
+            AccountId = accountId,
             Members = new List<SnChatMember>
             {
                 new()
                 {
-                    Role = ChatMemberRole.Owner,
-                    AccountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id),
-                    JoinedAt = Instant.FromDateTimeUtc(DateTime.UtcNow)
+                    AccountId = accountId,
+                    JoinedAt = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant()
                 }
             }
         };
@@ -294,7 +295,8 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
     [HttpPatch("{id:guid}")]
     public async Task<ActionResult<SnChatRoom>> UpdateChatRoom(Guid id, [FromBody] ChatRoomRequest request)
     {
-        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Shared.Proto.Account currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+        var accountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id);
 
         var chatRoom = await db.ChatRooms
             .Where(e => e.Id == id)
@@ -303,16 +305,18 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
 
         if (chatRoom.RealmId is not null)
         {
-            if (!await rs.IsMemberWithRole(chatRoom.RealmId.Value, Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id),
-                    [RealmMemberRole.Moderator]))
+            if (!await rs.IsMemberWithRole(chatRoom.RealmId.Value, accountId, [RealmMemberRole.Moderator]))
                 return StatusCode(403, "You need at least be a realm moderator to update the chat.");
         }
-        else if (!await crs.IsMemberWithRole(chatRoom.Id, Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id), ChatMemberRole.Moderator))
-            return StatusCode(403, "You need at least be a moderator to update the chat.");
+        else if (chatRoom.Type == ChatRoomType.DirectMessage && await crs.IsChatMember(chatRoom.Id, accountId))
+            return StatusCode(403, "You need be part of the DM to update the chat.");
+        else if (chatRoom.AccountId != accountId)
+            return StatusCode(403, "You need be the owner to update the chat.");
 
         if (request.RealmId is not null)
         {
-            if (!await rs.IsMemberWithRole(request.RealmId.Value, Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id), [RealmMemberRole.Moderator]))
+            if (!await rs.IsMemberWithRole(request.RealmId.Value, Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id),
+                    [RealmMemberRole.Moderator]))
                 return StatusCode(403, "You need at least be a moderator to transfer the chat linked to the realm.");
             chatRoom.RealmId = request.RealmId;
         }
@@ -404,7 +408,8 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
     [HttpDelete("{id:guid}")]
     public async Task<ActionResult> DeleteChatRoom(Guid id)
     {
-        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Shared.Proto.Account currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+        var accountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id);
 
         var chatRoom = await db.ChatRooms
             .Where(e => e.Id == id)
@@ -413,12 +418,13 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
 
         if (chatRoom.RealmId is not null)
         {
-            if (!await rs.IsMemberWithRole(chatRoom.RealmId.Value, Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id),
-                    [RealmMemberRole.Moderator]))
+            if (!await rs.IsMemberWithRole(chatRoom.RealmId.Value, accountId, [RealmMemberRole.Moderator]))
                 return StatusCode(403, "You need at least be a realm moderator to delete the chat.");
         }
-        else if (!await crs.IsMemberWithRole(chatRoom.Id, Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id), ChatMemberRole.Owner))
-            return StatusCode(403, "You need at least be the owner to delete the chat.");
+        else if (chatRoom.Type == ChatRoomType.DirectMessage && await crs.IsChatMember(chatRoom.Id, accountId))
+            return StatusCode(403, "You need be part of the DM to update the chat.");
+        else if (chatRoom.AccountId != accountId)
+            return StatusCode(403, "You need be the owner to update the chat.");
 
         var chatRoomResourceId = $"chatroom:{chatRoom.Id}";
 
@@ -495,9 +501,11 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
         {
             if (currentUser is null) return Unauthorized();
             var member = await db.ChatMembers
-                .Where(m => m.ChatRoomId == roomId && m.AccountId == Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id) && m.JoinedAt != null && m.LeaveAt == null)
+                .Where(m => m.ChatRoomId == roomId && m.AccountId == Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id) && m.JoinedAt != null &&
+                            m.LeaveAt == null)
                 .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
-            if (member is null) return StatusCode(403, "You need to be a member to see online count of private chat room.");
+            if (member is null)
+                return StatusCode(403, "You need to be a member to see online count of private chat room.");
         }
 
         var members = await db.ChatMembers
@@ -530,7 +538,7 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
         {
             if (currentUser is null) return Unauthorized();
             var member = await db.ChatMembers
-                .Where(m => m.ChatRoomId == roomId && m.AccountId == Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id) && m.JoinedAt != null && m.LeaveAt == null)
+                .Where(m => m.ChatRoomId == roomId && m.AccountId == Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id) && m.LeaveAt == null)
                 .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
             if (member is null) return StatusCode(403, "You need to be a member to see members of private chat room.");
         }
@@ -592,8 +600,7 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
 
     [HttpPost("invites/{roomId:guid}")]
     [Authorize]
-    public async Task<ActionResult<SnChatMember>> InviteMember(Guid roomId,
-        [FromBody] ChatMemberRequest request)
+    public async Task<ActionResult<SnChatMember>> InviteMember(Guid roomId, [FromBody] ChatMemberRequest request)
     {
         if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser) return Unauthorized();
         var accountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id);
@@ -611,7 +618,7 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
             Status = -100
         });
 
-        if (relationship?.Relationship != null && relationship.Relationship.Status == -100)
+        if (relationship?.Relationship is { Status: -100 })
             return StatusCode(403, "You cannot invite a user that blocked you.");
 
         var chatRoom = await db.ChatRooms
@@ -619,26 +626,22 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
         if (chatRoom is null) return NotFound();
 
+        var operatorMember = await db.ChatMembers
+            .Where(p => p.AccountId == accountId && p.ChatRoomId == chatRoom.Id)
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
+        if (operatorMember is null)
+            return StatusCode(403, "You need to be a part of chat to invite member to the chat.");
+
         // Handle realm-owned chat rooms
         if (chatRoom.RealmId is not null)
         {
             if (!await rs.IsMemberWithRole(chatRoom.RealmId.Value, accountId, [RealmMemberRole.Moderator]))
                 return StatusCode(403, "You need at least be a realm moderator to invite members to this chat.");
         }
-        else
-        {
-            var chatMember = await db.ChatMembers
-                .Where(m => m.AccountId == accountId)
-                .Where(m => m.ChatRoomId == roomId)
-                .Where(m => m.JoinedAt != null && m.LeaveAt == null)
-                .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
-            if (chatMember is null) return StatusCode(403, "You are not even a member of the targeted chat room.");
-            if (chatMember.Role < ChatMemberRole.Moderator)
-                return StatusCode(403,
-                    "You need at least be a moderator to invite other members to this chat room.");
-            if (chatMember.Role < request.Role)
-                return StatusCode(403, "You cannot invite member with higher permission than yours.");
-        }
+        else if (chatRoom.Type == ChatRoomType.DirectMessage && await crs.IsChatMember(chatRoom.Id, accountId))
+            return StatusCode(403, "You need be part of the DM to invite member to the chat.");
+        else if (chatRoom.AccountId != accountId)
+            return StatusCode(403, "You need be the owner to invite member to this chat.");
 
         var existingMember = await db.ChatMembers
             .Where(m => m.AccountId == request.RelatedUserId)
@@ -646,9 +649,7 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
         if (existingMember != null)
         {
-            if (existingMember.LeaveAt == null)
-                return BadRequest("This user has been joined the chat cannot be invited again.");
-
+            existingMember.InvitedById = operatorMember.Id;
             existingMember.LeaveAt = null;
             existingMember.JoinedAt = null;
             db.ChatMembers.Update(existingMember);
@@ -673,9 +674,9 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
 
         var newMember = new SnChatMember
         {
+            InvitedById = operatorMember.Id,
             AccountId = Guid.Parse(relatedUser.Id),
             ChatRoomId = roomId,
-            Role = request.Role,
         };
 
         db.ChatMembers.Add(newMember);
@@ -768,7 +769,7 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
         if (member is null) return NotFound();
 
-        member.LeaveAt = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
+        db.ChatMembers.Remove(member);
         await db.SaveChangesAsync();
 
         return NoContent();
@@ -812,92 +813,42 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
         return Ok(targetMember);
     }
 
-    [HttpPatch("{roomId:guid}/members/{memberId:guid}/role")]
-    [Authorize]
-    public async Task<ActionResult<SnChatMember>> UpdateChatMemberRole(Guid roomId, Guid memberId, [FromBody] int newRole)
+    public class ChatTimeoutRequest
+    {
+        [MaxLength(4096)] public string? Reason { get; set; }
+        public Instant TimeoutUntil { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    [HttpPost("{roomId:guid}/members/{memberId:guid}/timeout")]
+    [Authorize]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> TimeoutChatMember(Guid roomId, Guid memberId, [FromBody] ChatTimeoutRequest request)
     {
-        if (newRole >= ChatMemberRole.Owner) return BadRequest("Unable to set chat member to owner or greater role.");
         if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+        var accountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id);
+
+        var now = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
+        if (now >= request.TimeoutUntil)
+            return BadRequest("Timeout can only until a time in the future.");
 
         var chatRoom = await db.ChatRooms
             .Where(r => r.Id == roomId)
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
         if (chatRoom is null) return NotFound();
 
-        // Check if the chat room is owned by a realm
-        if (chatRoom.RealmId is not null)
-        {
-            if (!await rs.IsMemberWithRole(chatRoom.RealmId.Value, Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id), [RealmMemberRole.Moderator]))
-                return StatusCode(403, "You need at least be a realm moderator to change member roles.");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            var targetMember = await db.ChatMembers
-                .Where(m => m.AccountId == memberId && m.ChatRoomId == roomId && m.JoinedAt != null && m.LeaveAt == null)
-                .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
-            if (targetMember is null) return NotFound();
-
-            // Check if the current user has permission to change roles
-            if (
-                !await crs.IsMemberWithRole(
-                    chatRoom.Id,
-                    Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id),
-                    ChatMemberRole.Moderator,
-                    targetMember.Role,
-                    newRole
-                )
-            )
-                return StatusCode(403, "You don't have enough permission to edit the roles of members.");
-
-            targetMember.Role = newRole;
-            db.ChatMembers.Update(targetMember);
-            await db.SaveChangesAsync();
-
-            await crs.PurgeRoomMembersCache(roomId);
-
-            _ = als.CreateActionLogAsync(new CreateActionLogRequest
-            {
-                Action = "chatrooms.role.edit",
-                Meta =
-                {
-                    { "chatroom_id", Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value.ForString(roomId.ToString()) },
-                    { "account_id", Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value.ForString(memberId.ToString()) },
-                    { "new_role", Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value.ForNumber(newRole) }
-                },
-                AccountId = currentUser.Id,
-                UserAgent = Request.Headers.UserAgent,
-                IpAddress = Request.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString()
-            });
-
-            return Ok(targetMember);
-        }
-
-        return BadRequest();
-    }
-
-    [HttpDelete("{roomId:guid}/members/{memberId:guid}")]
-    [Authorize]
-    public async Task<ActionResult> RemoveChatMember(Guid roomId, Guid memberId)
-    {
-        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser) return Unauthorized();
-
-        var chatRoom = await db.ChatRooms
-            .Where(r => r.Id == roomId)
-            .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
-        if (chatRoom is null) return NotFound();
+        var operatorMember = await db.ChatMembers
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(m => m.AccountId == accountId && m.ChatRoomId == chatRoom.Id);
+        if (operatorMember is null) return BadRequest("You have not joined this chat room.");
 
         // Check if the chat room is owned by a realm
         if (chatRoom.RealmId is not null)
         {
-        if (!await rs.IsMemberWithRole(chatRoom.RealmId.Value, Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id),
-                [RealmMemberRole.Moderator]))
-                return StatusCode(403, "You need at least be a realm moderator to remove members.");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (!await crs.IsMemberWithRole(chatRoom.Id, Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id), [ChatMemberRole.Moderator]))
-                return StatusCode(403, "You need at least be a moderator to remove members.");
+            if (!await rs.IsMemberWithRole(chatRoom.RealmId.Value, accountId, [RealmMemberRole.Moderator]))
+                return StatusCode(403, "You need at least be a realm moderator to timeout members.");
         }
+        else if (chatRoom.Type == ChatRoomType.DirectMessage)
+            return BadRequest("You cannot timeout member in a direct message.");
+        else if (chatRoom.AccountId != accountId)
+            return StatusCode(403, "You need be the owner to timeout member in the chat.");
 
         // Find the target member
         var member = await db.ChatMembers
@@ -905,9 +856,113 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
         if (member is null) return NotFound();
 
-        // Check if the current user has sufficient permissions
-        if (!await crs.IsMemberWithRole(chatRoom.Id, memberId, member.Role))
-            return StatusCode(403, "You cannot remove members with equal or higher roles.");
+        member.TimeoutCause = new ChatTimeoutCause
+        {
+            Reason = request.Reason,
+            SenderId = operatorMember.Id,
+            Type = ChatTimeoutCauseType.ByModerator,
+            Since = now
+        };
+        member.TimeoutUntil = request.TimeoutUntil;
+        db.Update(member);
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync();
+        _ = crs.PurgeRoomMembersCache(roomId);
+
+        _ = als.CreateActionLogAsync(new CreateActionLogRequest
+        {
+            Action = "chatrooms.timeout",
+            Meta =
+            {
+                { "chatroom_id", Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value.ForString(roomId.ToString()) },
+                { "account_id", Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value.ForString(memberId.ToString()) }
+            },
+            AccountId = currentUser.Id,
+            UserAgent = Request.Headers.UserAgent,
+            IpAddress = Request.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString()
+        });
+
+        return NoContent();
+    }
+    
+    [HttpDelete("{roomId:guid}/members/{memberId:guid}/timeout")]
+    [Authorize]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> RemoveChatMemberTimeout(Guid roomId, Guid memberId)
+    {
+        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+        var accountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id);
+
+        var chatRoom = await db.ChatRooms
+            .Where(r => r.Id == roomId)
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
+        if (chatRoom is null) return NotFound();
+
+        // Check if the chat room is owned by a realm
+        if (chatRoom.RealmId is not null)
+        {
+            if (!await rs.IsMemberWithRole(chatRoom.RealmId.Value, accountId, [RealmMemberRole.Moderator]))
+                return StatusCode(403, "You need at least be a realm moderator to remove members.");
+        }
+        else if (chatRoom.Type == ChatRoomType.DirectMessage && await crs.IsChatMember(chatRoom.Id, accountId))
+            return StatusCode(403, "You need be part of the DM to update the chat.");
+        else if (chatRoom.AccountId != accountId)
+            return StatusCode(403, "You need be the owner to update the chat.");
+
+        // Find the target member
+        var member = await db.ChatMembers
+            .Where(m => m.AccountId == memberId && m.ChatRoomId == roomId && m.JoinedAt != null && m.LeaveAt == null)
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
+        if (member is null) return NotFound();
+
+        member.TimeoutCause = null;
+        member.TimeoutUntil = null;
+        db.Update(member);
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync();
+        _ = crs.PurgeRoomMembersCache(roomId);
+
+        _ = als.CreateActionLogAsync(new CreateActionLogRequest
+        {
+            Action = "chatrooms.timeout.remove",
+            Meta =
+            {
+                { "chatroom_id", Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value.ForString(roomId.ToString()) },
+                { "account_id", Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value.ForString(memberId.ToString()) }
+            },
+            AccountId = currentUser.Id,
+            UserAgent = Request.Headers.UserAgent,
+            IpAddress = Request.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString()
+        });
+
+        return NoContent();
+    }
+
+    [HttpDelete("{roomId:guid}/members/{memberId:guid}")]
+    [Authorize]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> RemoveChatMember(Guid roomId, Guid memberId)
+    {
+        if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+        var accountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id);
+
+        var chatRoom = await db.ChatRooms
+            .Where(r => r.Id == roomId)
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
+        if (chatRoom is null) return NotFound();
+
+        // Check if the chat room is owned by a realm
+        if (chatRoom.RealmId is not null)
+        {
+            if (!await rs.IsMemberWithRole(chatRoom.RealmId.Value, accountId, [RealmMemberRole.Moderator]))
+                return StatusCode(403, "You need at least be a realm moderator to remove members.");
+        }
+        else if (chatRoom.Type == ChatRoomType.DirectMessage && await crs.IsChatMember(chatRoom.Id, accountId))
+            return StatusCode(403, "You need be part of the DM to update the chat.");
+        else if (chatRoom.AccountId != accountId)
+            return StatusCode(403, "You need be the owner to update the chat.");
+
+        // Find the target member
+        var member = await db.ChatMembers
+            .Where(m => m.AccountId == memberId && m.ChatRoomId == roomId && m.JoinedAt != null && m.LeaveAt == null)
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
+        if (member is null) return NotFound();
 
         member.LeaveAt = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
         await db.SaveChangesAsync();
@@ -962,8 +1017,7 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
         {
             AccountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id),
             ChatRoomId = roomId,
-            Role = ChatMemberRole.Member,
-            JoinedAt = NodaTime.Instant.FromDateTimeUtc(DateTime.UtcNow)
+            JoinedAt = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant()
         };
 
         db.ChatMembers.Add(newMember);
@@ -987,6 +1041,12 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
     public async Task<ActionResult> LeaveChat(Guid roomId)
     {
         if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser) return Unauthorized();
+        var accountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id);
+
+        var chat = await db.ChatRooms.FirstOrDefaultAsync(c => c.Id == roomId);
+        if (chat is null) return NotFound();
+        if (chat.AccountId == accountId)
+            return BadRequest("You cannot leave you own chat room");
 
         var member = await db.ChatMembers
             .Where(m => m.JoinedAt != null && m.LeaveAt == null)
@@ -995,20 +1055,7 @@ public class ChatRoomController(
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
         if (member is null) return NotFound();
 
-        if (member.Role == ChatMemberRole.Owner)
-        {
-            // Check if this is the only owner
-            var otherOwners = await db.ChatMembers
-                .Where(m => m.ChatRoomId == roomId)
-                .Where(m => m.Role == ChatMemberRole.Owner)
-                .Where(m => m.AccountId != Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id))
-                .AnyAsync();
-
-            if (!otherOwners)
-                return BadRequest("The last owner cannot leave the chat. Transfer ownership first or delete the chat.");
-        }
-
-        member.LeaveAt = Instant.FromDateTimeUtc(DateTime.UtcNow);
+        member.LeaveAt = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
         db.Update(member);
         await db.SaveChangesAsync();
         await crs.PurgeRoomMembersCache(roomId);

DysonNetwork.Sphere/Chat/ChatRoomService.cs

@@ -92,11 +92,10 @@ public class ChatRoomService(
             .ToList();
         if (directRoomsId.Count == 0) return rooms;
 
-        List<SnChatMember> members = directRoomsId.Count != 0
+        var members = directRoomsId.Count != 0
             ? await db.ChatMembers
                 .Where(m => directRoomsId.Contains(m.ChatRoomId))
                 .Where(m => m.AccountId != userId)
-                // Ignored the joined at condition here to keep showing userinfo when other didn't accept the invite of DM
                 .ToListAsync()
             : [];
         members = await LoadMemberAccounts(members);
@@ -122,7 +121,6 @@ public class ChatRoomService(
         if (room.Type != ChatRoomType.DirectMessage) return room;
         var members = await db.ChatMembers
             .Where(m => m.ChatRoomId == room.Id && m.AccountId != userId)
-            .Where(m => m.JoinedAt != null && m.LeaveAt == null)
             .ToListAsync();
 
         if (members.Count <= 0) return room;
@@ -133,16 +131,11 @@ public class ChatRoomService(
         return room;
     }
 
-    public async Task<bool> IsMemberWithRole(Guid roomId, Guid accountId, params int[] requiredRoles)
+    public async Task<bool> IsChatMember(Guid roomId, Guid accountId)
     {
-        if (requiredRoles.Length == 0)
-            return false;
-
-        var maxRequiredRole = requiredRoles.Max();
-        var member = await db.ChatMembers
+        return await db.ChatMembers
             .Where(m => m.ChatRoomId == roomId && m.AccountId == accountId && m.JoinedAt != null && m.LeaveAt == null)
-            .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
-        return member?.Role >= maxRequiredRole;
+            .AnyAsync();
     }
 
     public async Task<SnChatMember> LoadMemberAccount(SnChatMember member)

DysonNetwork.Sphere/Chat/ChatService.cs

@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ public partial class ChatService(
     {
         var call = await GetCallOngoingAsync(roomId);
         if (call is null) throw new InvalidOperationException("No ongoing call was not found.");
-        if (sender.Role < ChatMemberRole.Moderator && call.SenderId != sender.Id)
+        if (sender.AccountId != call.Room.AccountId && call.SenderId != sender.Id)
             throw new InvalidOperationException("You are not the call initiator either the chat room moderator.");
 
         // End the realtime session if it exists
@@ -707,14 +707,7 @@ public partial class ChatService(
         if (content is not null)
             message.Content = content;
 
-        if (meta is not null)
-            message.Meta = meta;
-
-        if (repliedMessageId.HasValue)
-            message.RepliedMessageId = repliedMessageId;
-
-        if (forwardedMessageId.HasValue)
-            message.ForwardedMessageId = forwardedMessageId;
+        // Update do not override meta, replies to and forwarded to
 
         if (attachmentsId is not null)
             await UpdateFileReferencesForMessageAsync(message, attachmentsId);

DysonNetwork.Sphere/Chat/RealtimeCallController.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using DysonNetwork.Sphere.Chat.Realtime;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+using NodaTime;
 using Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.Annotations;
 
 namespace DysonNetwork.Sphere.Chat;
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ public class RealtimeCallController(
             .Where(m => m.AccountId == accountId && m.ChatRoomId == roomId && m.JoinedAt != null && m.LeaveAt == null)
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
 
-        if (member == null || member.Role < ChatMemberRole.Member)
+        if (member == null)
             return StatusCode(403, "You need to be a member to view call status.");
 
         var ongoingCall = await db.ChatRealtimeCall
@@ -81,8 +82,11 @@ public class RealtimeCallController(
             .Where(m => m.AccountId == accountId && m.ChatRoomId == roomId && m.JoinedAt != null && m.LeaveAt == null)
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
 
-        if (member == null || member.Role < ChatMemberRole.Member)
+        var now = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
+        if (member == null)
             return StatusCode(403, "You need to be a member to join a call.");
+        if (member.TimeoutUntil.HasValue && member.TimeoutUntil.Value > now)
+            return StatusCode(403, "You has been timed out in this chat.");
 
         // Get ongoing call
         var ongoingCall = await cs.GetCallOngoingAsync(roomId);
@@ -93,7 +97,7 @@ public class RealtimeCallController(
         if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ongoingCall.SessionId))
             return BadRequest("Call session is not properly configured.");
 
-        var isAdmin = member.Role >= ChatMemberRole.Moderator;
+        var isAdmin = member.AccountId == ongoingCall.Room.AccountId || ongoingCall.Room.Type == ChatRoomType.DirectMessage;
         var userToken = realtime.GetUserToken(currentUser, ongoingCall.SessionId, isAdmin);
 
         // Get LiveKit endpoint from configuration
@@ -150,12 +154,16 @@ public class RealtimeCallController(
         if (HttpContext.Items["CurrentUser"] is not Account currentUser) return Unauthorized();
 
         var accountId = Guid.Parse(currentUser.Id);
+        var now = SystemClock.Instance.GetCurrentInstant();
+        
         var member = await db.ChatMembers
             .Where(m => m.AccountId == accountId && m.ChatRoomId == roomId && m.JoinedAt != null && m.LeaveAt == null)
             .Include(m => m.ChatRoom)
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
-        if (member == null || member.Role < ChatMemberRole.Member)
-            return StatusCode(403, "You need to be a normal member to start a call.");
+        if (member == null)
+            return StatusCode(403, "You need to be a member to start a call.");
+        if (member.TimeoutUntil.HasValue && member.TimeoutUntil.Value > now)
+            return StatusCode(403, "You has been timed out in this chat.");
 
         var ongoingCall = await cs.GetCallOngoingAsync(roomId);
         if (ongoingCall is not null) return StatusCode(423, "There is already an ongoing call inside the chatroom.");
@@ -173,8 +181,8 @@ public class RealtimeCallController(
         var member = await db.ChatMembers
             .Where(m => m.AccountId == accountId && m.ChatRoomId == roomId && m.JoinedAt != null && m.LeaveAt == null)
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
-        if (member == null || member.Role < ChatMemberRole.Member)
-            return StatusCode(403, "You need to be a normal member to end a call.");
+        if (member == null)
+            return StatusCode(403, "You need to be a member to end a call.");
 
         try
         {

DysonNetwork.Sphere/Discovery/DiscoveryService.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public class DiscoveryService(RemoteRealmService remoteRealmService)
         // Since we don't have CreatedAt in the proto model, we'll just apply randomizer if requested
         var orderedRealms = randomizer
             ? communityRealms.OrderBy(_ => Random.Shared.Next())
-            : communityRealms;
+            : communityRealms.OrderByDescending(q => q.Members.Count());
 
         return orderedRealms.Skip(offset).Take(take).ToList();
     }

DysonNetwork.Sphere/Migrations/20251130115519_AddAccountIdBackToChatRoom.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+using System;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;
+
+#nullable disable
+
+namespace DysonNetwork.Sphere.Migrations
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public partial class AddAccountIdBackToChatRoom : Migration
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<Guid>(
+                name: "account_id",
+                table: "chat_rooms",
+                type: "uuid",
+                nullable: true);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "account_id",
+                table: "chat_rooms");
+        }
+    }
+}

DysonNetwork.Sphere/Migrations/20251130125717_SimplerChatRoom.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+using System;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;
+
+#nullable disable
+
+namespace DysonNetwork.Sphere.Migrations
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public partial class SimplerChatRoom : Migration
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "is_bot",
+                table: "chat_members");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "role",
+                table: "chat_members");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<Guid>(
+                name: "invited_by_id",
+                table: "chat_members",
+                type: "uuid",
+                nullable: true);
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "ix_chat_members_invited_by_id",
+                table: "chat_members",
+                column: "invited_by_id");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddForeignKey(
+                name: "fk_chat_members_chat_members_invited_by_id",
+                table: "chat_members",
+                column: "invited_by_id",
+                principalTable: "chat_members",
+                principalColumn: "id");
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropForeignKey(
+                name: "fk_chat_members_chat_members_invited_by_id",
+                table: "chat_members");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropIndex(
+                name: "ix_chat_members_invited_by_id",
+                table: "chat_members");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "invited_by_id",
+                table: "chat_members");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<bool>(
+                name: "is_bot",
+                table: "chat_members",
+                type: "boolean",
+                nullable: false,
+                defaultValue: false);
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<int>(
+                name: "role",
+                table: "chat_members",
+                type: "integer",
+                nullable: false,
+                defaultValue: 0);
+        }
+    }
+}

DysonNetwork.Sphere/Migrations/20251203161208_AddStickerPackIcon.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+using DysonNetwork.Shared.Models;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;
+
+#nullable disable
+
+namespace DysonNetwork.Sphere.Migrations
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public partial class AddStickerPackIcon : Migration
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "image_id",
+                table: "stickers");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AlterColumn<SnCloudFileReferenceObject>(
+                name: "image",
+                table: "stickers",
+                type: "jsonb",
+                nullable: false,
+                oldClrType: typeof(SnCloudFileReferenceObject),
+                oldType: "jsonb",
+                oldNullable: true);
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<SnCloudFileReferenceObject>(
+                name: "icon",
+                table: "sticker_packs",
+                type: "jsonb",
+                nullable: true);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "icon",
+                table: "sticker_packs");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AlterColumn<SnCloudFileReferenceObject>(
+                name: "image",
+                table: "stickers",
+                type: "jsonb",
+                nullable: true,
+                oldClrType: typeof(SnCloudFileReferenceObject),
+                oldType: "jsonb");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<string>(
+                name: "image_id",
+                table: "stickers",
+                type: "character varying(32)",
+                maxLength: 32,
+                nullable: true);
+        }
+    }
+}